Yes, it is true that my Swedish study visa got refused and I am puzzled to think what is the reason behind all this?
The Swedish migration board (migrationsverket) refused my visa without any explanation. I am not using the phrase рproper explanationҀ because there was no explanation at all, in the refusal letter that I received from the board.
I had heard that the Swedish migration board awards visa to all students who are admitted to a state university or university college and can show all the relevant documents needed with the application for visa ր along whit the bank statement. But all this is not true because I got the negative answer even after fulfilling all the visa requirements. My application form and the whole visa case was thoroughly checked by myself, my friends, an education consultant and the Fed-Ex representative but even then all this came to nothing.
It means that the Swedish migration board has changed its policy and now we can expect some shameful and dishonest decisions against the students of some countries. In other words you may call it a рclear discriminationҀ of the Swedish migration board.
If a student gets admission in a state university and fulfills all the visa requirements, then why donҀt they award the visa? This is the question that has troubled me?
I am a student of English Literature with a master degree in the field from the University of Peshawar. I have proved my ability with IELTS and I had secured admission in the University of Kalmar in Sweden in the English programme, but even then they refused my visa saying that you have already done a Master degree in English and the programme you are to study in Sweden is at undergraduate level. I canҀt understand what do they mean by all this but I do understand that the programme I had selected was according to my needs. I was to draw something of that programme as that course was very intensive in its mood and that could prove a good start for my higher studies in the same subject.
Yes, today I do remember the Fed-Ex representative who told me that the embassy will never award you visa because your selected programme of study is considered to be just a language course. I told him that the programme includes Literature, Linguistics and conferencing for the students but even then he refused to take my application. Then I called the Embassy of Sweden in Islamabad and inquired about the problem but they told me to submit the application the very next day. They also informed the Fed-Ex about the matter and all this was done just to make me silent and nothing more. But at last, they did it, they refused my visa and today I am thankful to the Fed-Ex representative for his frank remarks but I am sorry that I could not act upon what he suggested.
So what do you learn form my story? If you want to help students like me then Please share your experience/story in the comments.
Sunday, September 27, 2009
List of Law colleges in Bangladesh
LAW COLLEGES: FACT FINDING
Summary of the Questionnaires Sent by the Law Colleges
Questionnaires were sent to all Law Colleges of Bangladesh. 23 colleges responded and sent back the questionnaires.
Question Number 1 and 2:
13 colleges: Have own building, 10 colleges: Rented building (in most of the cases it is a building of local High School.) Class rooms of the law colleges range from 2 to 9. Most of the law colleges have 2 class rooms, one for Preliminary and another for Final students.
Question Number 3 to 7
24 colleges[1] gave their full account of 2000-2001 session about how many students got admitted into Preliminary, how many filled up preliminary form, how many appeared in the examination and how many passed.
Number of colleges
Number of students admitted into Preliminary
Number of students fill-up forms for
Pre. Exam
Number of students appeared the Pre. Exam
Number of students passed Preliminary Examination
Break up of the result
24 law colleges
6254
3064
2120
634 (10.13%)
6243rd Class
10 2nd Class
Question Number 8 to 11
24 colleges gave their full account of how many students filled up form for Final examination, how many appeared in the examination and how many passed.
Number of colleges
Number of students fill-up forms for Final Exam
Number of students appeared Final Exam
Number of students passed Final Exam
Break up of the result
24law colleges
1269 (Includes 634 plus students of previous year)
982
342 (27% approximately.)
327 3rd Class
15 2nd Class
Question Number 12
Name of College
Number of Students
Chittagong Law College
950
Rajshahi Law College
168
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
352
City Law College, Dhaka
429
Rangpur Law College
187
Dinajpur Law College
116
Norsingdi Law College
245
Brammanbaria Law College
71
Sylhet Law College
472
Joypurhat Law College
58
Kurigram Law College
50
Pirozpur Law College
200
Central Law College, Khulna
111
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
355
Sirajgonj Law College
150
Noakhali Law College
150
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
979
Cox's Bazar Law College
129
Khagrachori Law College
94
Bagerhat Law College
79
Satkhira Law College
204
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
110
Bogra Law College
250
Question Number 13:
Name of College
5 years percentage of the students passed
Chittagong Law College
68.3%,69.3%, 48.23%, 23.95%, 44.82%
Rajshahi Law College
13.79%, 51.02%, 42.24%, 25%, 37.50%
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
67%, 78%, 71%, 32%, 33%
City Law College, Dhaka
32.91%, 69.91%, 47.16%, 47.86%, 34.37%
Rangpur Law College
16%, 61.15%, 00%, 29.29%, 11.11%
Dinajpur Law College
25%, 62.50%, 21.25%, 3.50%, 4%
Norsingdi Law College
Not Available
Brammanbaria Law College
100%, 34.88%, 25%, 22%, 25%
Sylhet Law College
Not Available
Joypurhat Law College
12%, 12%, 5%, 12%, 10%
Kurigram Law College
5%, 48%, 5%, 3%
Pirozpur Law College
Not Available
Central Law College, Khulna
40%, 40%, 78.57%, 47.37%, 66.67%
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
100%, 30.76%, 40%, 37.50%
Sirajgonj Law College
81%, 16%, 75%, 2.50%, 15%
Noakhali Law College
Not Available
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
N/A
Cox's Bazar Law College
23%, 40%, 52%, 45%, 30%
Khagrachori Law College
N/A
Bagerhat Law College
16.67%, 13.64%, 76.47%, 50%, 55.56%
Satkhira Law College
38%, 30%, 39%, 35%, 40%
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
57.14%, 80%, 44.44%, 40%
Bogra Law College
26%, 44%, 26%, 19%, 15%
Question Number 14:
Name of College
Percentage of students who failed to complete their study
Chittagong Law College
25%
Rajshahi Law College
Not Available
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
20%
City Law College, Dhaka
25%
Rangpur Law College
60%
Dinajpur Law College
75%
Norsingdi Law College
36%
Brammanbaria Law College
N/A
Sylhet Law College
60%
Joypurhat Law College
80%
Kurigram Law College
65%
Pirozpur Law College
N/A
Central Law College, Khulna
73%
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
50%
Sirajgonj Law College
60%
Noakhali Law College
70%
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
Preliminary 39%, Final 15%
Cox's Bazar Law College
60%
Khagrachori Law College
20%
Bagerhat Law College
75%
Satkhira Law College
30%
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
50%
Bogra Law College
75%
Question Number 15:
Name of College
Total Number of Teachers
Full-time Teachers
Part-time Teachers
Chittagong Law College
9
3
6
Rajshahi Law College
9
6
3
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
8
3
5
City Law College, Dhaka
10
2
8
Rangpur Law College
7
3
4
Dinajpur Law College
7
0
7
Norshindi Law College
10
3
7
Brammanbaria Law College
16
2
14
Sylhet Law College
13
3
10
Joypurhat Law College
7
3
4
Kurigram Law College
10
3
7
Pirozpur Law College
14
0
14
Central Law College, Khulna
11
-
-
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
15
9
6
Sirajgonj Law College
13
0
13
Noakhali Law College
11
3
8
Bangabandhu Law College, Madripur
9
4
5
Cox's Bazar Law College
8
2
6
Khagrachori Law College
6
6
0
Bagerhat Law College
7
3
4
Satkhira Law College
8
3
5
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
9
8
1
Bogra Law College
8
4
4
Question Number 16:
In 20 law colleges the main profession of the part-time teachers is practice, in one college it is service, in one college it is both practice and service. One college did not give answer to this question.
Question Number 17:
Five colleges get their teachers evaluated by the students, 18 colleges do not have any system of evaluation.
Question Number 18:
19 colleges have no arrangement to train up their teachers. 2 colleges have this arrangement, 2 colleges abstained from answering this question.
Question Number 19:
In 15 colleges lecture is used as method of teaching. 6 Law Colleges combine lecture, participatory, and clinical methods of teaching. One law college combines lecture and participatory methods and another combines lecture and clinical methods to impart legal education.
Question Number 20:
8 Law colleges said that they do not require minimum percentage of attendance in the classes for appearing in the examination. 3 law colleges require 75% attendance, 2 law colleges 60%, 3 law colleges 50%, 3 law colleges 30%, 1 law college 45%, 1 law college 40% and 1 law college 25% to appear in the examination.
Question Number 21:
12 law colleges have no system to disqualify students for examination because of less attendance. 5 colleges do not keep such data. 2 colleges did not allow students to sit for examination because of less attendance. 4 colleges did not give any answer to this question.
Question Number 22:
In 17 law colleges no student write their answer script in English. One college abstained from answering. In 5 law colleges some students answer the questions in English. In Brammanbaria Law College the students who write their scripts in English is 1%, in City Law College, Dhaka, it is 2.5%, in Noakhali Law College it is 5%, in Bangabandhu Law Temple it is 10%, in Rangpur Law College it is 5%.
Question Number 23:
15 law colleges take class test of the students, 6 law colleges have no such arrangement. 2 law colleges did not give answer to this question.
Question Number 24:
12 colleges have the practice of arranging meeting or workshop on current issues of law, 10 colleges lack this type of practice, 1 college abstained from answering.
Question Number 25:
14 law colleges have the practice of arranging moot court, 9 colleges do not have such programme.
Question Number 26:
21 law colleges provide library facility to the students. Khagrachori Law College provides library, computer lab and Internet based research facilities. Noakhali Law College provides library and computer lab.
Question No 27:
Six law colleges buy books for library from own fund. 16 buy from own fund and receive donation for buying books, and also keep complementary copies of the books. One law college abstained from answering.
Question No 28:
Name of College
Number of Books etc in library
Chittagong Law College
1850
Rajshahi Law College
503
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
1345
City Law College, Dhaka
2500
Rangpur Law College
1080
Dinajpur Law College
900
Norsingdi Law College
3000
Brammanbaria Law College
600
Sylhet Law College
4823
Joypurhat Law College
500
Kurigram Law College
1100
Pirozpur Law College
200
Central Law College, Khulna
227
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
1112
Sirajgonj Law College
150
Noakhali Law College
3500
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
3000
Cox's Bazar Law College
1150
Khagrachori Law College
---
Bagerhat Law College
200
Satkhira Law College
1307
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
1400
Bogra Law College
1200
Dhaka Law College
1000
Mohanagar Law College, Dhaka
1000
Central Law College, Dhaka
3000
Question No 29:
18 Colleges keep Law Reports, 5 colleges have no such report.
Question No 30:
17 colleges collect recently published books annually, 2 colleges collect in every six months, 3 colleges according to their needs, and one college in every month.
Question No 31:
12 colleges collect Law Report or Law Journal as annual subscriber, 3 colleges as monthly subscriber, 4 colleges collect Law Report or Law Journal regularly, but not as subscriber, 1 college as six monthly subscriber, 1 college very often, and 2 colleges did not give any answer to this question.
Question No 32:
14 colleges wrote the names of different law reports, they are-- DLR, BLD, PLD, AIR etc. 3 colleges wrote only the name of DLR. 6 colleges failed to write name of any law report.
Question No 33:
All Colleges said institutional accountability is maintained by their respective Governing Bodies.
Present Condition of Law College Education
Law college education is the oldest legal education in Bangladesh. Many established and reputed judges and advocates once took their legal education from law colleges. In 1972 LL.B. (Honours) and LL.M. were introduced in the public universities. Meritorious and regular students started to study law after passing their H.S.C. examination. Any person of any age can get admitted into any law college, but only regular students have the opportunity to study LL.B. (Honours) and LL.M. As there is no age bar, so people of all ages can avail the opportunity to study two years' law course from the law colleges.
Every college has a Governing Body, composition of which is determined by the National University. There must be one Chairman of the Governing Body and Principal of the college is the ex-officio Member-Secretary. National University appoints two members and teachers of the concerned college elect two members as their representatives. This six-member Governing Body is the highest administrative authority of a law college.
Officials of reputed law colleges alleged that, when the law colleges were affiliated with and guided by the public universities, the quality and standard of law colleges were far more better. But the time when the law colleges were placed under the authority of National University, from that time on the quality and standard of law colleges started to worsen. Public universities were very strict and careful in giving permission to establish any new law college, but National University is not so careful and anybody can get permission to establish law college who has the ability to manage National University authority. Allegation that National University has given permission to establish law college on political consideration has raised by different quarters.
Two researchers of Law Commission affiliated with CIDA Legal Reform Project--Part A visited 8 law colleges of Rajshahi, Chitttagong, and Dhaka to see the present state of law college education. A brief account of the outcome of the visit has been given below.
Bangabandhu Law Temple:
This law college was established in 1972. From 5 P.M. to 7.30 P.M. usually classes are held in this college. There are 7 teachers, out of them 3 are full time and 4 are part-time teachers. All the teachers are advocates of the local bar. Advocate A.M. Anwarul Kabir is the current principal of this college.
Infrastructure of the College: The college does not have its own building. For classes and official purpose they utilize the Municipal Government Model Primary School. They have one classroom for preliminary and one for final students. The college has a library having around 1200 books. The library keeps law books, bare Acts and Law Reports.
Admission of the Students: There is no provision of admission test in this college. The students who have passed B.A. or equivalent examinations and have four points in the previous three examinations (S.S.C., H.S.C., and B.A.) can get admitted into the college. Assuming first division equal to 3, second division 2, and third division 1 point, they count the points for the purpose of admission. Anybody of any age can get admitted into this law college. Currently there are 268 students in the Preliminary Section and 44 students are in Final Section. Out of this 312 students 48 students are female, rest are male students. Some students attend the class regularly, most of them do not attend the class. According to the statement of officials, 25% students remain present in the classes.
Teaching Methodology: All the teachers follow lecture method when teaching the students. Sometimes teachers respond to the questions of the students, they categorise this as participatory method. A teacher has to take classes at least two days in a week.
Examination System: At the end of first year Preliminary examination is held, and at the end of second year Final Examination. Both the examinations are taken by the National University.
In the 2001-02 session 542 students got admitted into Bangabandhu Law Temple as Preliminary students. Out of this total number 197 filled-up forms for appearing Preliminary Examination, but finally 176 students appeared in the examination. 44 students out of 176 passed the Preliminary examination, they are now attending classes as Final students. All the 44 students got third class.
In 1999-2001 session 533 students got admitted into this college as Preliminary students. Among them 199 students filled-up the forms for attending Preliminary Examination, out of that number 156 appeared in the examination, and finally 38 students passed the examination. 36 students got third class and 2 students got second class. In 2000-2001 session these 38 students got admitted into this college as final students. For final examination 53 (the 38 + previous students) students filled-up forms and 46 appeared the examination. Among them only 17 students were able to pass the final examination and all of them got third class.
Income and Expenditure of the College: Tuition fees and other fees taken from the students are the source of income of the Bangabandhu Law Temple. This college does not get any government donation or other aid from outside source. When anybody comes to get admitted into this college s/he has to pay 550 Tk., out of which 175 Tk. is given to the National University. When any student wants to fill-up the form for preliminary examination, s/he has to pay a sum total of 2460 Tk, 1200 Tk. as tuition fee, 300 Tk. center fee, 860 Tk. as examination fee, and 100 Tk. as miscellaneous. Students intend to fill-up the form for final examination have to pay 2560Tk., 1200 Tk. as tuition fee, 960 Tk. as examination fee, 300 Tk. as center fee, and 100 Tk. as miscellaneous. Tk.860 and Tk. 960 are given to the National University for Preliminary Examination and Final Examination respectively.
The college authority pays for the electricity and water, they do not give any monthly rent to the school authority for utilizing their building. Time to time the college authority buy books for the library. They have to expend some money for maintaining the office of the law college.
Chittagong Law College
Chittagong Law College is imparting legal education for many years.
Infrastructure of the college: Chittagong Law College does not have its own building. Utilizing premises of a school the classes are held from 5.30 P.M. to 8 P.M. There are four classrooms. Students are divided into different sections having 200 students in a section. It has a library containing 1200 books. Among the books there are Law Books, bare Acts, and different volumes of DLR. Six office staffs maintain the affairs of the College.
Teaching staffs: There are 9 teachers, among them 2 are barristers and 7 are advocates of the local bar. Principal and Vice-Principal are full-time, the rest are part-time teachers. 30% students are seen to attend the classes regularly.
Admission of Students: There is no admission test. Any individual of any age may get admitted into this college as there is no bar on the age. Any individual may become student of the college and attend the classes by giving the admission fee, monthly tuition fee and other fees.
Students: Currently there are 900 preliminary students and 364 final students. Among the preliminary students 200 are female students, and rest are male students. Among the final students 75 are female and rest are male studnets.
Teaching Methodology: All the teachers follow lecture method when teaching the students. Sometimes teachers respond to the questions of the students, they categorise this as participatory method. A teacher has to take classes at least two days in a week.
Dhaka Law College
Dhaka Law College was established in 1972. Barrister Abdul Hamid founded this Law College. The college has its own building at 24/1 Topkhana Road, Dhaka-1000. From that time onwards this college has been imparting legal education.
Infrastructure of the college: There are three classrooms for the students. According to official statement this college has a library containing more than three thousands books. But when visiting the library the researchers found that there are hardly 1000 books in the library.
Teaching Staffs: There are 10 teachers in this college, out of them 6 are full-time and 4 are part-time teachers. All the full time teachers have to come everyday. The teachers do not have fixed salary, it depends on the classes taken. For taking a class one teacher is given 8 hundred taka. At the end of the month total number of classes are counted and a teacher is remunerated accordingly. Everyday 3 classes of preliminary, and 3 classes of final are held.
Students: Now there are 500 preliminary students and 300 final students in the college. All the students do not attend classes regularly, only 25% to 30% students are seen to attend the classes regularly. This 30% does not include the same students, they attend the classes at their will in different days of the week.
Teaching Methodology: Usually teachers follow lecture method, but they respond to the questions of the students. Sometimes students report to the Principal, Vice-Principal or any officer of the college if the content of any lecture is not understandable. Principal or Vice-Principal then asks the concerned teacher to make the content clear to the students. There is no direct system of evaluation.of teachers by the students.
Examination System: After the completion of first year preliminary examination is held, after the end of second year final examination. In addition to these examinations, teachers often take class tests. A student has to attend 60% of the total classes, otherwise s/he cannot be allowed to attend the examination. In practice this rule is not maintained.
Income and Expenditure: This college does not get any government or other donation or any grants from any organisation. College's only income comes from the fees given by the students. When any student come to get admitted into the college, s/he has to give 1000 Tk. as session charge and 200 Tk. as registration charge. At the end of the first year, students have to pay 1800 Tk. as tuition fees for 12 months (150Tk.X 12= 1800) and 1170 Tk. as examination fee. National University authority determines the examination fee and it varies from time to time.
The college expends money for the affairs of the office, for maintenance of the building, for paying off the salary of teachers.
City Law College
Patronized by Sher-e-Bangla A.K. Fazlul Haque, Dr. Alim-Al-Razi established the City Law College in 1957. It was the first Law College in the then East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. This college has been imparting legal education for couple of decades with reputation.
Infrastructure of the college: The college has its own building. It has 5 classrooms, 3 library rooms, 2 common rooms, one for male and another for female students, 2 office rooms, and one room for Principal and Vice-Principal. For maintaining the affairs of the office, there are 2 officers and 8 staffs.
Teachers and Teaching Methodology: There are 11 teachers in this law college, all of them are senior lawyers of the Supreme Court. Sometimes some judges teach the students, which is extra-ordinary feature of this college. As the teachers are senior advocates and judges of the Supreme Court, so they do not require any training. Here students-teachers relationship is very cordial. If the students do not understand the content of the lecture, they ask to the teacher, and the teacher make the concept clear to the students. Most of the teachers follow lecture method, but views of the students are taken into consideration.
Students: This college get qualified students as retired Secretary, Joint-Secretary, serving Magistrates get admitted into this college for getting LL.B. degree. At least 20% students of this college write their answer scripts in English.
In the Preliminary session of 2000-2001, 193 students got admitted into this college, out of them 107 students filled-up forms. 102 students appeared in the Preliminary examination, and finally 50 students passed the examination, all of them got third class. For Final Examination'2002, 97 students filled-up forms, out of them 95 students appeared in the examination and 33 students passed and all of them got third class. 122 students filled-up forms for Final examination'2001, 117 students appeared in the examination and finally 56 students passed the examination. Out of them 4 students got second class and 52 students got third class. 113 students filled-up forms for the Final examination'1999 and 79 students passed the examination and all got third class. 109 students filled-up forms for the Final Examination'2000, out of them 50 students passed the examination. 1 student got first class, 18 students got second class, and 31 students got third class.
Examination System: Preliminary and Final examinations are held at the end of first and second year respectively. In addition to this the teachers take class tests at regular interval.
Library: The officials of the college informed that there are more than 4000 books in the library of the college. But when visiting the library it appeared to the researchers that the books may not exceed 2000. The college authority collect books by different means. College authority get complimentary copies of different books, sometimes writers donate their books to the library. In addition to this, college authority buy books every year according to the demands of the students.
Moot Court: In this college moot courts are arranged regularly. This is a unique feature of this college as most of the law colleges do not have any arrangement to hold moot courts.
Computer Laboratory: College authority is planning to establish a computer laboratory in the premises of the college. It is another unique feature of the college as almost all the colleges do not have any computer lab. and they do not have any plan to establish a lab either.
College Hostel: This college has its own hostel with 37 seats. The hostel has accommodated 37 law college students.
Mahanagar Law College
Mahanagar Law College was established in 1990. From that time till now it is giving legal education.
Infrastructure of the College: It does not have its own building. The college functions in the evening in the building of Begum Rahima High School. It has 4 class rooms, one library and one office room. College authority gives 8 thousand taka to the school authority for utilizing their building. College do not arrange any workshop/seminars on the current issues of law. Every day classes are held from 5 P.M. to 8 P.M.
Teachers and Teaching Methodology: 11 teachers are imparting legal education in this college. All the teachers are advocates of local bar and part time teachers of this college. Though theoretically some teachers are full time, but in practice they serve as part time teachers. Usually teachers follow lecture method, but responses of students are taken into consideration. If the students cannot understand any lecture, they inform to the officials of the college, who then ask the teachers to make the lecture clear.
Previously National University arranged different training programs for enhancing the professional standard of the law college teachers, but now they are not arranging this type of training programs.
Students: Every year in an average 250 students come and get admitted into this college. In 2000-2001 session 250 students got admitted into the college. Among them 114 students filled-up forms for preliminary examination. 70-75 students appeared in the examination and 58 students passed the preliminary examination. 43 out of 58 students filled-up forms for Final Examination'2001. Only 22 students appeared in the examination and 10 students passed the examination and all got third class.
Students who cannot attend 60% classes, they are told that they will not be permitted to appear in the examination, but in practice the authority does not maintain it.
Library: Officials of the college stated that the college library contain around 2200 books, but during the visit the researchers saw that there are hardly 1000 books in the library. College authority buy law books, reference books, and law reports in an yearly basis.
Moot Court: Once this college arranged moot courts. Now the authority does not organize moot court because of the disinterest of the students.
Examination System: Preliminary and final examinations are held at the end of first year and second year respectively. Teachers take class test in 15 days or in a month. Before the course final examination the college hold test examination of the students.
During their visit the researchers noticed the students were appearing class test, but the invigilation was not strict.
Central Law College
Central Law College was established in 1963. From that time on this college is imparting legal education and earned some reputation in giving legal education.
Infrastructure of the College
Central Law College has its own building beside the main road of Bijoynagar. It's permanent address is 193, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Sarani, Bijoynagar, Dhaka-1000. It has six classrooms for the students. It has a library containing 3 thousands books.
Teachers and Teaching Methodology: The college has 10 teachers, out of them only 2 teachers are full-time and the rest are part-time teachers. All the teachers are advocates of Dhaka Bar, one of the teacher is a former District Judge. Teachers mainly follow lecture method, but practice of participatory method is not rare. They interact with the students and ask questions whether the lectures are fully understandable to the students. Within the time span of 45 minutes the teachers give lectures and make some discussion.
Students: In the session of 1999-2000 of Preliminary 512 students got admitted into Central Law College. Out of them around 330 filled-up forms for the Preliminary examination and 250 students appeared in the examination. Among them 120 passed the examination.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Preliminary 400 students got admitted into Central Law College. Out of them 240 filled-up forms for Preliminary examination and 180 students appeared in the examination. Finally 85 students (42%) were passed in the Preliminary examination. 5/6 students of the total number passed in the second class, and the rest got third class. 173 students (85 + students who passed their preliminary examination before) filled-up forms for the Final examination'2002. Among them 110 appeared in the Final examination and only 35 students passed the examination, and all of them got third class.
According to the statistics given by the officials of the college, 163 students appeared in the Final examination'1999, and out of them 87 passed the examination. One student passed in the second class and all the rest passed in the third class. 255 students appeared in the Final examination'2000, and 178 passed the examination, out of them 27 students got second class and rest of the students got third class. 122 students attended the Final examination'2001 and 70 students passed the examination. Out of them 4 students passed in the second class and the rest got third class.
Examination System: Usually examinations are held at the end of the academic year, Preliminary examination at the end of the Preliminary classes, Final at the end of Final classes. The teachers take class tests and on the basis of the result of class tests 6 stipends are given to the brilliant students.
Library: Central Law College has its own library containing around 3000 books. The bulk include text books, reference books, DLR, PLD etc. The college authority buy books on an yearly basis.
Seminar, Workshop etc.: College authority sometimes arrange seminar, workshops on different issues of law to make the students aware of the latest development in the legal field. But they do not arrange moot court.
Opinion of the Officials: When talking to the researchers the officials of Central Law College appreciated the joint initiative of Bangladesh Law Commission and CIDA. They said that once the law colleges were affiliated with Dhaka University, which strictly controlled the quality of law colleges. University authority was very careful in permitting people to establish new law colleges. Later on law colleges were placed under the authority of National University, which permitted people to start law colleges without much scrutiny. From that time on a new trend to establish law colleges here and there started. The officials of Central Law College strongly said that they are against establishing law colleges here and there. They opined in favour of controlling the quality of law colleges.
Rajshashi Law College
This Law College was established on December 25, 1970. It is situated at Barokuthi of Goramara of Rajshahi city. In course of time it has become the largest law college of Rajshahi city and its adjacent area.
Infra-structure
It has its own building. In 2000 the college built its own establishment. It has 4 class rooms, one office room, one room for Principal, and one room for library. The library has around 500 books of different categories such as Bare Act, Text Books and some Law Reports.
Teaching Staffs
There are 6 full time and 3 part time teachers. A consolidated amount is given as remuneration to the full time teachers, whereas part-time teachers are remunerated on the basis of classes taken. The teachers mainly take classes by lecture method. Sometimes tutorial classes are held. Mainly the teachers of the law colleges are advocates. They should be provided with training. Acting Principal of the Rajshahi Law College Mr. Ali Akbar Pramanik told that advocates (the teachers of Law Colleges) ought to be given training about teaching methodology.
Students
Now the Rajshahi Law College has 134 students in Preliminary section and only 12 students in Final section.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Preliminary 359 students were admitted. Among those 128 students filled the forms, all of them appeared in the examination. Out of them only 17 students passed the examination. One student got second class and the rest 16 got third class.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Final, there were 28 students, all of whom filled the forms and appeared in the examination. Out of them 7 students passed and all of them got third class.
Classes and Examinations
Classes are usually held from 5 to 7.30 P.M. At the end of first year the students sit for Preliminary examination, and for Final Examination at the end of second year. Besides the year final examinations, the teachers sometimes take class tests and tutorial examinations.
Central Law College of Rajshahi
It was established in 1984. It is situated at Talaimari of Rajshahi city. It is comprised of two rooms used for only official purposes. Classes are held in the adjacent Rajshshi Ideal High School. One room of the school is used for class purpose. The College has its own tiny building with incomplete first floor spreading the rods towards sky. It has no library.
Teaching Staffs
There are 6 full time and 4 part time teachers in this college. Advocate M. Nurunnabi is the Principal of this college.
Students
This college has only 30 students. 25 are Preliminary students and 5 are Final students.
Examination
In the 2001-2002 session of Preliminary, 35 students were admitted. During the time of filling the forms another one student was allowed to do it. Finally 36 students filled the forms and all of them appeared in the examination. Only one student passed the examination and got third class.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Final there were only 4 students. All of them filled the forms and appeared in the examination. Among them 3 students passed the examination, 2 got second class and 1 got third class.
Classes and Others
In this college classes are held from 5 to 7 P.M. One room of the Rajshahi Ideal High School is used for class purpose. Other infra-structural facilities are poor. It does not get any government or other private donation.
Concluding Remarks:
We had some assumptions about law colleges. We found some of them are true. We heard that law colleges are part-time institutions with part-time teachers. We found it true and it is also substantiated by the information given by the colleges. We heard that law colleges are money making enterprise. It is not true. Infrastructure of many colleges is not good and their financial condition is instable. Many colleges do not have their own building. The teachers of the colleges are poorly remunerated. Their only source of income is tuition fees and the money given by the students during form fill-up of the Preliminary and Final examination.
Law colleges do not require any admission test, any student of any age can get admitted into law colleges. We found that 25-30% students attend the classes regularly. There is some official requirement to attend certain percentage of total classes, without which a student should not be allowed to sit for examination. But this rule is not maintained in practice. In some cases students get admitted into law colleges during the period of form-fill-up and are allowed to do the same without attending any class. Here financial consideration becomes the main consideration of the law colleges.
Some law colleges in urban centres try to make money by admitting huge number of students. But their move decline because of the emergence of private universities. Some law colleges alleged that, when students cannot pass Preliminary and Final examinations, they go to private universities and get passed and manage LL.B. (Hons) and LL.M. certificate.
The condition of law college education is deplorable in terms of some indicators like drop out rate, number of students etc. The drop out rate is very high, it ranges from 20% to 80%. Some Law Colleges have very few students. For example Brammanbaria Law College has 71 students, Joypurhat Law College has 58, Kurigram Law College has 50, Khagrachori Law College has 94, Bagerhat Law College has 79, Central Law College of Rajshahi has 30 students.
In spite of the bad condition of law colleges, some law colleges are doing better. Central Law College of Dhaka, Ideal Law College of Dhaka, Chittagong Law College, and Rajshahi Law College seem to have good academic environment. We saw a number of students attending classes of Preliminary and Final. The colleges hold regular classes and the atmosphere is enthusiastic.
1.Pass mark of LL.B. (pass course):
2. Duration of LL.B. pass course is two years. It has been made three years, but the amended rule is yet to be implemented.
3. Latest development of curriculum:
4. Is there any limit regarding the admission into the law colleges:
5. Number of Law Colleges:
6. Does Inspector of College supervise the activities of Law Colleges?
7. What initiatives have been taken to reform law colleges?
8. Is there any change/reform to law colleges effected by the National University?
9. Number of students of law colleges:
10. Is there any plan of National University to reform law colleges?
1. National University has taken decision to increase the duration of present LL.B. course. Two-year LL.B. course will be transformed into three-year course. Curriculum Committee, headed by Professor Ershadul Bari, has finalised the curriculum for three-year course. Present curriculum contains 13 papers, the new curriculum will provide 20 papers. As soon as the Curriculum Committee will send the final report to National University, it will start to approve the same, which will then be applicable to the students of all the law colleges. Md. Mosaddeque Hossain, Section Officer of the Curriculum Development and Evaluation Centre, told that if everything goes in right direction, three-year course will be implemented from coming session.
National University authority has plan to open a separate law section, headed by a full-fledged professor, which will monitor the activities of the law colleges all over Bangladesh. It will ensure the development of infra-structure and library of the law colleges. Teaching methodology, curriculum, examination system--all will fall within the jurisdiction of the law section.
2. Pass mark of LL.B. examinations is 36%, second class 45%, and first class 60%.
3. Students do not require any admission test to get admitted into law colleges.
4. There is no age limit, any student of any age can get admitted into any law college.
5. There is no bar regarding number, law colleges may admit any number of students into their institutions.
6. Under the present dispensation Inspector of College is empowered to monitor the activities of law colleges. Generally the Inspector goes to a college (before its opening) and verify whether the college has fulfilled the preconditions prescribed by the National University. Inspector is overburdened with many activities, so he does not have sufficient time to monitor the activities of law colleges. Only before opening of a college and in case of any complaint filed against a college, Inspector manages time and verify the veracity of the complaint.
7. There are 70 law colleges in all over Bangladesh. We gave a list of 69 law colleges. To this list Dewan Idris Ali Law College, Savar will be added.
8. National university has abolished referred system from law colleges. Students will no longer get the benefit of referred system.
9. After registration a student has to pass Preliminary Examination within 2 years and Final Examination within 2 years. If any student fails to pass the above mentioned examination within 2 years, s/he has to register again.
10. LL.B. is a professional degree, National University has no plan to make it academic.
11. Currently there is no separate law section to monitor the activities of law colleges. Assistant Controller A. K.M. Nurul Alam Talukder looks into the affairs of Preliminary and Final examinations of law colleges. Md. Mosaddeque Hossain, Section officer of the Curriculum Development and Evaluation Centre, takes care of the development of LL.B. curriculum. The Inspection Department of Colleges has been empowered to look after the activities of the law colleges, but it does not have sufficient time to monitor the activities of law colleges.
Syllabus Committee of National University
For reviewing the present syllabus of LL.B. course under National University a Syllabus Committee was formed on 17.03.2003. Professor M. Ershadul Bari was the chairman of the Committee. Other members of the Committee are--Professor Taslima Mansoor, Ex-Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Dhaka, Khandoker Shamsuddin Mahmood, Principal, Central Law College, Dhaka, Professor Md. Fyezzuddin, Ex-Chairman, Department of Law, University of Rajshahi, Professor Abdul Karim Khan, Ex-Dean, Faculty of Law and Sharia, Kushtia University, Mohiuddin Khaled, Ex-Chairman, Department of Law, University of Chittagong, and Barrister Shafiq Ahmed, Principal, City Law College, Dhaka. Among the members Khandoker Shamsuddin Mahmood, Mohiuddin Khaled, and Barrister Shahfiq Ahmed did not work. The rest 4 members have finalised the new syllabus under the chairmanship of Dr. M. Ershadul Bari.
Now the the LL.B. two-year course has 13 subjects. Three-year course will have 20 subjects under the new syllabus. As soon as the Syllabus Committee will formally submit the new syllabus to the authority of National University, it will take appropriate measures to implement the same.
(Source of information: Md. Mossaddeque Hossain, Section Officer, Curriculum Development and Evaluation Centre, National University)
[1]. 23 Law Colleges sent their questionnaires back. Most of the questions have been tabulated on the basis of information given by 23 Law Colleges. But some Law Colleges did not give full account of the data sought. The researchers physically visited 8 law colleges of Chittagong, Rajshahi and Dhaka. Among 8 law colleges 5 are common from which the researchers collected information and they also sent the questionnaires back. When the total number exceeds 23, the researchers added the account of colleges they visited. Here we have stated the full account of 24 Law Colleges. 21 out of 23 Law Colleges gave full account of the data sought. We added full account of another 3 colleges which we visited and from where we collected information.
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Summary of the Questionnaires Sent by the Law Colleges
Questionnaires were sent to all Law Colleges of Bangladesh. 23 colleges responded and sent back the questionnaires.
Question Number 1 and 2:
13 colleges: Have own building, 10 colleges: Rented building (in most of the cases it is a building of local High School.) Class rooms of the law colleges range from 2 to 9. Most of the law colleges have 2 class rooms, one for Preliminary and another for Final students.
Question Number 3 to 7
24 colleges[1] gave their full account of 2000-2001 session about how many students got admitted into Preliminary, how many filled up preliminary form, how many appeared in the examination and how many passed.
Number of colleges
Number of students admitted into Preliminary
Number of students fill-up forms for
Pre. Exam
Number of students appeared the Pre. Exam
Number of students passed Preliminary Examination
Break up of the result
24 law colleges
6254
3064
2120
634 (10.13%)
6243rd Class
10 2nd Class
Question Number 8 to 11
24 colleges gave their full account of how many students filled up form for Final examination, how many appeared in the examination and how many passed.
Number of colleges
Number of students fill-up forms for Final Exam
Number of students appeared Final Exam
Number of students passed Final Exam
Break up of the result
24law colleges
1269 (Includes 634 plus students of previous year)
982
342 (27% approximately.)
327 3rd Class
15 2nd Class
Question Number 12
Name of College
Number of Students
Chittagong Law College
950
Rajshahi Law College
168
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
352
City Law College, Dhaka
429
Rangpur Law College
187
Dinajpur Law College
116
Norsingdi Law College
245
Brammanbaria Law College
71
Sylhet Law College
472
Joypurhat Law College
58
Kurigram Law College
50
Pirozpur Law College
200
Central Law College, Khulna
111
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
355
Sirajgonj Law College
150
Noakhali Law College
150
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
979
Cox's Bazar Law College
129
Khagrachori Law College
94
Bagerhat Law College
79
Satkhira Law College
204
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
110
Bogra Law College
250
Question Number 13:
Name of College
5 years percentage of the students passed
Chittagong Law College
68.3%,69.3%, 48.23%, 23.95%, 44.82%
Rajshahi Law College
13.79%, 51.02%, 42.24%, 25%, 37.50%
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
67%, 78%, 71%, 32%, 33%
City Law College, Dhaka
32.91%, 69.91%, 47.16%, 47.86%, 34.37%
Rangpur Law College
16%, 61.15%, 00%, 29.29%, 11.11%
Dinajpur Law College
25%, 62.50%, 21.25%, 3.50%, 4%
Norsingdi Law College
Not Available
Brammanbaria Law College
100%, 34.88%, 25%, 22%, 25%
Sylhet Law College
Not Available
Joypurhat Law College
12%, 12%, 5%, 12%, 10%
Kurigram Law College
5%, 48%, 5%, 3%
Pirozpur Law College
Not Available
Central Law College, Khulna
40%, 40%, 78.57%, 47.37%, 66.67%
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
100%, 30.76%, 40%, 37.50%
Sirajgonj Law College
81%, 16%, 75%, 2.50%, 15%
Noakhali Law College
Not Available
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
N/A
Cox's Bazar Law College
23%, 40%, 52%, 45%, 30%
Khagrachori Law College
N/A
Bagerhat Law College
16.67%, 13.64%, 76.47%, 50%, 55.56%
Satkhira Law College
38%, 30%, 39%, 35%, 40%
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
57.14%, 80%, 44.44%, 40%
Bogra Law College
26%, 44%, 26%, 19%, 15%
Question Number 14:
Name of College
Percentage of students who failed to complete their study
Chittagong Law College
25%
Rajshahi Law College
Not Available
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
20%
City Law College, Dhaka
25%
Rangpur Law College
60%
Dinajpur Law College
75%
Norsingdi Law College
36%
Brammanbaria Law College
N/A
Sylhet Law College
60%
Joypurhat Law College
80%
Kurigram Law College
65%
Pirozpur Law College
N/A
Central Law College, Khulna
73%
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
50%
Sirajgonj Law College
60%
Noakhali Law College
70%
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
Preliminary 39%, Final 15%
Cox's Bazar Law College
60%
Khagrachori Law College
20%
Bagerhat Law College
75%
Satkhira Law College
30%
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
50%
Bogra Law College
75%
Question Number 15:
Name of College
Total Number of Teachers
Full-time Teachers
Part-time Teachers
Chittagong Law College
9
3
6
Rajshahi Law College
9
6
3
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
8
3
5
City Law College, Dhaka
10
2
8
Rangpur Law College
7
3
4
Dinajpur Law College
7
0
7
Norshindi Law College
10
3
7
Brammanbaria Law College
16
2
14
Sylhet Law College
13
3
10
Joypurhat Law College
7
3
4
Kurigram Law College
10
3
7
Pirozpur Law College
14
0
14
Central Law College, Khulna
11
-
-
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
15
9
6
Sirajgonj Law College
13
0
13
Noakhali Law College
11
3
8
Bangabandhu Law College, Madripur
9
4
5
Cox's Bazar Law College
8
2
6
Khagrachori Law College
6
6
0
Bagerhat Law College
7
3
4
Satkhira Law College
8
3
5
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
9
8
1
Bogra Law College
8
4
4
Question Number 16:
In 20 law colleges the main profession of the part-time teachers is practice, in one college it is service, in one college it is both practice and service. One college did not give answer to this question.
Question Number 17:
Five colleges get their teachers evaluated by the students, 18 colleges do not have any system of evaluation.
Question Number 18:
19 colleges have no arrangement to train up their teachers. 2 colleges have this arrangement, 2 colleges abstained from answering this question.
Question Number 19:
In 15 colleges lecture is used as method of teaching. 6 Law Colleges combine lecture, participatory, and clinical methods of teaching. One law college combines lecture and participatory methods and another combines lecture and clinical methods to impart legal education.
Question Number 20:
8 Law colleges said that they do not require minimum percentage of attendance in the classes for appearing in the examination. 3 law colleges require 75% attendance, 2 law colleges 60%, 3 law colleges 50%, 3 law colleges 30%, 1 law college 45%, 1 law college 40% and 1 law college 25% to appear in the examination.
Question Number 21:
12 law colleges have no system to disqualify students for examination because of less attendance. 5 colleges do not keep such data. 2 colleges did not allow students to sit for examination because of less attendance. 4 colleges did not give any answer to this question.
Question Number 22:
In 17 law colleges no student write their answer script in English. One college abstained from answering. In 5 law colleges some students answer the questions in English. In Brammanbaria Law College the students who write their scripts in English is 1%, in City Law College, Dhaka, it is 2.5%, in Noakhali Law College it is 5%, in Bangabandhu Law Temple it is 10%, in Rangpur Law College it is 5%.
Question Number 23:
15 law colleges take class test of the students, 6 law colleges have no such arrangement. 2 law colleges did not give answer to this question.
Question Number 24:
12 colleges have the practice of arranging meeting or workshop on current issues of law, 10 colleges lack this type of practice, 1 college abstained from answering.
Question Number 25:
14 law colleges have the practice of arranging moot court, 9 colleges do not have such programme.
Question Number 26:
21 law colleges provide library facility to the students. Khagrachori Law College provides library, computer lab and Internet based research facilities. Noakhali Law College provides library and computer lab.
Question No 27:
Six law colleges buy books for library from own fund. 16 buy from own fund and receive donation for buying books, and also keep complementary copies of the books. One law college abstained from answering.
Question No 28:
Name of College
Number of Books etc in library
Chittagong Law College
1850
Rajshahi Law College
503
Bangabandhu Law Temple, Chittagong
1345
City Law College, Dhaka
2500
Rangpur Law College
1080
Dinajpur Law College
900
Norsingdi Law College
3000
Brammanbaria Law College
600
Sylhet Law College
4823
Joypurhat Law College
500
Kurigram Law College
1100
Pirozpur Law College
200
Central Law College, Khulna
227
Bangabandhu Law College, Comilla
1112
Sirajgonj Law College
150
Noakhali Law College
3500
Bangabandhu Law College, Madaripur
3000
Cox's Bazar Law College
1150
Khagrachori Law College
---
Bagerhat Law College
200
Satkhira Law College
1307
Greenview Law College, Dhaka
1400
Bogra Law College
1200
Dhaka Law College
1000
Mohanagar Law College, Dhaka
1000
Central Law College, Dhaka
3000
Question No 29:
18 Colleges keep Law Reports, 5 colleges have no such report.
Question No 30:
17 colleges collect recently published books annually, 2 colleges collect in every six months, 3 colleges according to their needs, and one college in every month.
Question No 31:
12 colleges collect Law Report or Law Journal as annual subscriber, 3 colleges as monthly subscriber, 4 colleges collect Law Report or Law Journal regularly, but not as subscriber, 1 college as six monthly subscriber, 1 college very often, and 2 colleges did not give any answer to this question.
Question No 32:
14 colleges wrote the names of different law reports, they are-- DLR, BLD, PLD, AIR etc. 3 colleges wrote only the name of DLR. 6 colleges failed to write name of any law report.
Question No 33:
All Colleges said institutional accountability is maintained by their respective Governing Bodies.
Present Condition of Law College Education
Law college education is the oldest legal education in Bangladesh. Many established and reputed judges and advocates once took their legal education from law colleges. In 1972 LL.B. (Honours) and LL.M. were introduced in the public universities. Meritorious and regular students started to study law after passing their H.S.C. examination. Any person of any age can get admitted into any law college, but only regular students have the opportunity to study LL.B. (Honours) and LL.M. As there is no age bar, so people of all ages can avail the opportunity to study two years' law course from the law colleges.
Every college has a Governing Body, composition of which is determined by the National University. There must be one Chairman of the Governing Body and Principal of the college is the ex-officio Member-Secretary. National University appoints two members and teachers of the concerned college elect two members as their representatives. This six-member Governing Body is the highest administrative authority of a law college.
Officials of reputed law colleges alleged that, when the law colleges were affiliated with and guided by the public universities, the quality and standard of law colleges were far more better. But the time when the law colleges were placed under the authority of National University, from that time on the quality and standard of law colleges started to worsen. Public universities were very strict and careful in giving permission to establish any new law college, but National University is not so careful and anybody can get permission to establish law college who has the ability to manage National University authority. Allegation that National University has given permission to establish law college on political consideration has raised by different quarters.
Two researchers of Law Commission affiliated with CIDA Legal Reform Project--Part A visited 8 law colleges of Rajshahi, Chitttagong, and Dhaka to see the present state of law college education. A brief account of the outcome of the visit has been given below.
Bangabandhu Law Temple:
This law college was established in 1972. From 5 P.M. to 7.30 P.M. usually classes are held in this college. There are 7 teachers, out of them 3 are full time and 4 are part-time teachers. All the teachers are advocates of the local bar. Advocate A.M. Anwarul Kabir is the current principal of this college.
Infrastructure of the College: The college does not have its own building. For classes and official purpose they utilize the Municipal Government Model Primary School. They have one classroom for preliminary and one for final students. The college has a library having around 1200 books. The library keeps law books, bare Acts and Law Reports.
Admission of the Students: There is no provision of admission test in this college. The students who have passed B.A. or equivalent examinations and have four points in the previous three examinations (S.S.C., H.S.C., and B.A.) can get admitted into the college. Assuming first division equal to 3, second division 2, and third division 1 point, they count the points for the purpose of admission. Anybody of any age can get admitted into this law college. Currently there are 268 students in the Preliminary Section and 44 students are in Final Section. Out of this 312 students 48 students are female, rest are male students. Some students attend the class regularly, most of them do not attend the class. According to the statement of officials, 25% students remain present in the classes.
Teaching Methodology: All the teachers follow lecture method when teaching the students. Sometimes teachers respond to the questions of the students, they categorise this as participatory method. A teacher has to take classes at least two days in a week.
Examination System: At the end of first year Preliminary examination is held, and at the end of second year Final Examination. Both the examinations are taken by the National University.
In the 2001-02 session 542 students got admitted into Bangabandhu Law Temple as Preliminary students. Out of this total number 197 filled-up forms for appearing Preliminary Examination, but finally 176 students appeared in the examination. 44 students out of 176 passed the Preliminary examination, they are now attending classes as Final students. All the 44 students got third class.
In 1999-2001 session 533 students got admitted into this college as Preliminary students. Among them 199 students filled-up the forms for attending Preliminary Examination, out of that number 156 appeared in the examination, and finally 38 students passed the examination. 36 students got third class and 2 students got second class. In 2000-2001 session these 38 students got admitted into this college as final students. For final examination 53 (the 38 + previous students) students filled-up forms and 46 appeared the examination. Among them only 17 students were able to pass the final examination and all of them got third class.
Income and Expenditure of the College: Tuition fees and other fees taken from the students are the source of income of the Bangabandhu Law Temple. This college does not get any government donation or other aid from outside source. When anybody comes to get admitted into this college s/he has to pay 550 Tk., out of which 175 Tk. is given to the National University. When any student wants to fill-up the form for preliminary examination, s/he has to pay a sum total of 2460 Tk, 1200 Tk. as tuition fee, 300 Tk. center fee, 860 Tk. as examination fee, and 100 Tk. as miscellaneous. Students intend to fill-up the form for final examination have to pay 2560Tk., 1200 Tk. as tuition fee, 960 Tk. as examination fee, 300 Tk. as center fee, and 100 Tk. as miscellaneous. Tk.860 and Tk. 960 are given to the National University for Preliminary Examination and Final Examination respectively.
The college authority pays for the electricity and water, they do not give any monthly rent to the school authority for utilizing their building. Time to time the college authority buy books for the library. They have to expend some money for maintaining the office of the law college.
Chittagong Law College
Chittagong Law College is imparting legal education for many years.
Infrastructure of the college: Chittagong Law College does not have its own building. Utilizing premises of a school the classes are held from 5.30 P.M. to 8 P.M. There are four classrooms. Students are divided into different sections having 200 students in a section. It has a library containing 1200 books. Among the books there are Law Books, bare Acts, and different volumes of DLR. Six office staffs maintain the affairs of the College.
Teaching staffs: There are 9 teachers, among them 2 are barristers and 7 are advocates of the local bar. Principal and Vice-Principal are full-time, the rest are part-time teachers. 30% students are seen to attend the classes regularly.
Admission of Students: There is no admission test. Any individual of any age may get admitted into this college as there is no bar on the age. Any individual may become student of the college and attend the classes by giving the admission fee, monthly tuition fee and other fees.
Students: Currently there are 900 preliminary students and 364 final students. Among the preliminary students 200 are female students, and rest are male students. Among the final students 75 are female and rest are male studnets.
Teaching Methodology: All the teachers follow lecture method when teaching the students. Sometimes teachers respond to the questions of the students, they categorise this as participatory method. A teacher has to take classes at least two days in a week.
Dhaka Law College
Dhaka Law College was established in 1972. Barrister Abdul Hamid founded this Law College. The college has its own building at 24/1 Topkhana Road, Dhaka-1000. From that time onwards this college has been imparting legal education.
Infrastructure of the college: There are three classrooms for the students. According to official statement this college has a library containing more than three thousands books. But when visiting the library the researchers found that there are hardly 1000 books in the library.
Teaching Staffs: There are 10 teachers in this college, out of them 6 are full-time and 4 are part-time teachers. All the full time teachers have to come everyday. The teachers do not have fixed salary, it depends on the classes taken. For taking a class one teacher is given 8 hundred taka. At the end of the month total number of classes are counted and a teacher is remunerated accordingly. Everyday 3 classes of preliminary, and 3 classes of final are held.
Students: Now there are 500 preliminary students and 300 final students in the college. All the students do not attend classes regularly, only 25% to 30% students are seen to attend the classes regularly. This 30% does not include the same students, they attend the classes at their will in different days of the week.
Teaching Methodology: Usually teachers follow lecture method, but they respond to the questions of the students. Sometimes students report to the Principal, Vice-Principal or any officer of the college if the content of any lecture is not understandable. Principal or Vice-Principal then asks the concerned teacher to make the content clear to the students. There is no direct system of evaluation.of teachers by the students.
Examination System: After the completion of first year preliminary examination is held, after the end of second year final examination. In addition to these examinations, teachers often take class tests. A student has to attend 60% of the total classes, otherwise s/he cannot be allowed to attend the examination. In practice this rule is not maintained.
Income and Expenditure: This college does not get any government or other donation or any grants from any organisation. College's only income comes from the fees given by the students. When any student come to get admitted into the college, s/he has to give 1000 Tk. as session charge and 200 Tk. as registration charge. At the end of the first year, students have to pay 1800 Tk. as tuition fees for 12 months (150Tk.X 12= 1800) and 1170 Tk. as examination fee. National University authority determines the examination fee and it varies from time to time.
The college expends money for the affairs of the office, for maintenance of the building, for paying off the salary of teachers.
City Law College
Patronized by Sher-e-Bangla A.K. Fazlul Haque, Dr. Alim-Al-Razi established the City Law College in 1957. It was the first Law College in the then East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. This college has been imparting legal education for couple of decades with reputation.
Infrastructure of the college: The college has its own building. It has 5 classrooms, 3 library rooms, 2 common rooms, one for male and another for female students, 2 office rooms, and one room for Principal and Vice-Principal. For maintaining the affairs of the office, there are 2 officers and 8 staffs.
Teachers and Teaching Methodology: There are 11 teachers in this law college, all of them are senior lawyers of the Supreme Court. Sometimes some judges teach the students, which is extra-ordinary feature of this college. As the teachers are senior advocates and judges of the Supreme Court, so they do not require any training. Here students-teachers relationship is very cordial. If the students do not understand the content of the lecture, they ask to the teacher, and the teacher make the concept clear to the students. Most of the teachers follow lecture method, but views of the students are taken into consideration.
Students: This college get qualified students as retired Secretary, Joint-Secretary, serving Magistrates get admitted into this college for getting LL.B. degree. At least 20% students of this college write their answer scripts in English.
In the Preliminary session of 2000-2001, 193 students got admitted into this college, out of them 107 students filled-up forms. 102 students appeared in the Preliminary examination, and finally 50 students passed the examination, all of them got third class. For Final Examination'2002, 97 students filled-up forms, out of them 95 students appeared in the examination and 33 students passed and all of them got third class. 122 students filled-up forms for Final examination'2001, 117 students appeared in the examination and finally 56 students passed the examination. Out of them 4 students got second class and 52 students got third class. 113 students filled-up forms for the Final examination'1999 and 79 students passed the examination and all got third class. 109 students filled-up forms for the Final Examination'2000, out of them 50 students passed the examination. 1 student got first class, 18 students got second class, and 31 students got third class.
Examination System: Preliminary and Final examinations are held at the end of first and second year respectively. In addition to this the teachers take class tests at regular interval.
Library: The officials of the college informed that there are more than 4000 books in the library of the college. But when visiting the library it appeared to the researchers that the books may not exceed 2000. The college authority collect books by different means. College authority get complimentary copies of different books, sometimes writers donate their books to the library. In addition to this, college authority buy books every year according to the demands of the students.
Moot Court: In this college moot courts are arranged regularly. This is a unique feature of this college as most of the law colleges do not have any arrangement to hold moot courts.
Computer Laboratory: College authority is planning to establish a computer laboratory in the premises of the college. It is another unique feature of the college as almost all the colleges do not have any computer lab. and they do not have any plan to establish a lab either.
College Hostel: This college has its own hostel with 37 seats. The hostel has accommodated 37 law college students.
Mahanagar Law College
Mahanagar Law College was established in 1990. From that time till now it is giving legal education.
Infrastructure of the College: It does not have its own building. The college functions in the evening in the building of Begum Rahima High School. It has 4 class rooms, one library and one office room. College authority gives 8 thousand taka to the school authority for utilizing their building. College do not arrange any workshop/seminars on the current issues of law. Every day classes are held from 5 P.M. to 8 P.M.
Teachers and Teaching Methodology: 11 teachers are imparting legal education in this college. All the teachers are advocates of local bar and part time teachers of this college. Though theoretically some teachers are full time, but in practice they serve as part time teachers. Usually teachers follow lecture method, but responses of students are taken into consideration. If the students cannot understand any lecture, they inform to the officials of the college, who then ask the teachers to make the lecture clear.
Previously National University arranged different training programs for enhancing the professional standard of the law college teachers, but now they are not arranging this type of training programs.
Students: Every year in an average 250 students come and get admitted into this college. In 2000-2001 session 250 students got admitted into the college. Among them 114 students filled-up forms for preliminary examination. 70-75 students appeared in the examination and 58 students passed the preliminary examination. 43 out of 58 students filled-up forms for Final Examination'2001. Only 22 students appeared in the examination and 10 students passed the examination and all got third class.
Students who cannot attend 60% classes, they are told that they will not be permitted to appear in the examination, but in practice the authority does not maintain it.
Library: Officials of the college stated that the college library contain around 2200 books, but during the visit the researchers saw that there are hardly 1000 books in the library. College authority buy law books, reference books, and law reports in an yearly basis.
Moot Court: Once this college arranged moot courts. Now the authority does not organize moot court because of the disinterest of the students.
Examination System: Preliminary and final examinations are held at the end of first year and second year respectively. Teachers take class test in 15 days or in a month. Before the course final examination the college hold test examination of the students.
During their visit the researchers noticed the students were appearing class test, but the invigilation was not strict.
Central Law College
Central Law College was established in 1963. From that time on this college is imparting legal education and earned some reputation in giving legal education.
Infrastructure of the College
Central Law College has its own building beside the main road of Bijoynagar. It's permanent address is 193, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Sarani, Bijoynagar, Dhaka-1000. It has six classrooms for the students. It has a library containing 3 thousands books.
Teachers and Teaching Methodology: The college has 10 teachers, out of them only 2 teachers are full-time and the rest are part-time teachers. All the teachers are advocates of Dhaka Bar, one of the teacher is a former District Judge. Teachers mainly follow lecture method, but practice of participatory method is not rare. They interact with the students and ask questions whether the lectures are fully understandable to the students. Within the time span of 45 minutes the teachers give lectures and make some discussion.
Students: In the session of 1999-2000 of Preliminary 512 students got admitted into Central Law College. Out of them around 330 filled-up forms for the Preliminary examination and 250 students appeared in the examination. Among them 120 passed the examination.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Preliminary 400 students got admitted into Central Law College. Out of them 240 filled-up forms for Preliminary examination and 180 students appeared in the examination. Finally 85 students (42%) were passed in the Preliminary examination. 5/6 students of the total number passed in the second class, and the rest got third class. 173 students (85 + students who passed their preliminary examination before) filled-up forms for the Final examination'2002. Among them 110 appeared in the Final examination and only 35 students passed the examination, and all of them got third class.
According to the statistics given by the officials of the college, 163 students appeared in the Final examination'1999, and out of them 87 passed the examination. One student passed in the second class and all the rest passed in the third class. 255 students appeared in the Final examination'2000, and 178 passed the examination, out of them 27 students got second class and rest of the students got third class. 122 students attended the Final examination'2001 and 70 students passed the examination. Out of them 4 students passed in the second class and the rest got third class.
Examination System: Usually examinations are held at the end of the academic year, Preliminary examination at the end of the Preliminary classes, Final at the end of Final classes. The teachers take class tests and on the basis of the result of class tests 6 stipends are given to the brilliant students.
Library: Central Law College has its own library containing around 3000 books. The bulk include text books, reference books, DLR, PLD etc. The college authority buy books on an yearly basis.
Seminar, Workshop etc.: College authority sometimes arrange seminar, workshops on different issues of law to make the students aware of the latest development in the legal field. But they do not arrange moot court.
Opinion of the Officials: When talking to the researchers the officials of Central Law College appreciated the joint initiative of Bangladesh Law Commission and CIDA. They said that once the law colleges were affiliated with Dhaka University, which strictly controlled the quality of law colleges. University authority was very careful in permitting people to establish new law colleges. Later on law colleges were placed under the authority of National University, which permitted people to start law colleges without much scrutiny. From that time on a new trend to establish law colleges here and there started. The officials of Central Law College strongly said that they are against establishing law colleges here and there. They opined in favour of controlling the quality of law colleges.
Rajshashi Law College
This Law College was established on December 25, 1970. It is situated at Barokuthi of Goramara of Rajshahi city. In course of time it has become the largest law college of Rajshahi city and its adjacent area.
Infra-structure
It has its own building. In 2000 the college built its own establishment. It has 4 class rooms, one office room, one room for Principal, and one room for library. The library has around 500 books of different categories such as Bare Act, Text Books and some Law Reports.
Teaching Staffs
There are 6 full time and 3 part time teachers. A consolidated amount is given as remuneration to the full time teachers, whereas part-time teachers are remunerated on the basis of classes taken. The teachers mainly take classes by lecture method. Sometimes tutorial classes are held. Mainly the teachers of the law colleges are advocates. They should be provided with training. Acting Principal of the Rajshahi Law College Mr. Ali Akbar Pramanik told that advocates (the teachers of Law Colleges) ought to be given training about teaching methodology.
Students
Now the Rajshahi Law College has 134 students in Preliminary section and only 12 students in Final section.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Preliminary 359 students were admitted. Among those 128 students filled the forms, all of them appeared in the examination. Out of them only 17 students passed the examination. One student got second class and the rest 16 got third class.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Final, there were 28 students, all of whom filled the forms and appeared in the examination. Out of them 7 students passed and all of them got third class.
Classes and Examinations
Classes are usually held from 5 to 7.30 P.M. At the end of first year the students sit for Preliminary examination, and for Final Examination at the end of second year. Besides the year final examinations, the teachers sometimes take class tests and tutorial examinations.
Central Law College of Rajshahi
It was established in 1984. It is situated at Talaimari of Rajshahi city. It is comprised of two rooms used for only official purposes. Classes are held in the adjacent Rajshshi Ideal High School. One room of the school is used for class purpose. The College has its own tiny building with incomplete first floor spreading the rods towards sky. It has no library.
Teaching Staffs
There are 6 full time and 4 part time teachers in this college. Advocate M. Nurunnabi is the Principal of this college.
Students
This college has only 30 students. 25 are Preliminary students and 5 are Final students.
Examination
In the 2001-2002 session of Preliminary, 35 students were admitted. During the time of filling the forms another one student was allowed to do it. Finally 36 students filled the forms and all of them appeared in the examination. Only one student passed the examination and got third class.
In the session of 2000-2001 of Final there were only 4 students. All of them filled the forms and appeared in the examination. Among them 3 students passed the examination, 2 got second class and 1 got third class.
Classes and Others
In this college classes are held from 5 to 7 P.M. One room of the Rajshahi Ideal High School is used for class purpose. Other infra-structural facilities are poor. It does not get any government or other private donation.
Concluding Remarks:
We had some assumptions about law colleges. We found some of them are true. We heard that law colleges are part-time institutions with part-time teachers. We found it true and it is also substantiated by the information given by the colleges. We heard that law colleges are money making enterprise. It is not true. Infrastructure of many colleges is not good and their financial condition is instable. Many colleges do not have their own building. The teachers of the colleges are poorly remunerated. Their only source of income is tuition fees and the money given by the students during form fill-up of the Preliminary and Final examination.
Law colleges do not require any admission test, any student of any age can get admitted into law colleges. We found that 25-30% students attend the classes regularly. There is some official requirement to attend certain percentage of total classes, without which a student should not be allowed to sit for examination. But this rule is not maintained in practice. In some cases students get admitted into law colleges during the period of form-fill-up and are allowed to do the same without attending any class. Here financial consideration becomes the main consideration of the law colleges.
Some law colleges in urban centres try to make money by admitting huge number of students. But their move decline because of the emergence of private universities. Some law colleges alleged that, when students cannot pass Preliminary and Final examinations, they go to private universities and get passed and manage LL.B. (Hons) and LL.M. certificate.
The condition of law college education is deplorable in terms of some indicators like drop out rate, number of students etc. The drop out rate is very high, it ranges from 20% to 80%. Some Law Colleges have very few students. For example Brammanbaria Law College has 71 students, Joypurhat Law College has 58, Kurigram Law College has 50, Khagrachori Law College has 94, Bagerhat Law College has 79, Central Law College of Rajshahi has 30 students.
In spite of the bad condition of law colleges, some law colleges are doing better. Central Law College of Dhaka, Ideal Law College of Dhaka, Chittagong Law College, and Rajshahi Law College seem to have good academic environment. We saw a number of students attending classes of Preliminary and Final. The colleges hold regular classes and the atmosphere is enthusiastic.
1.Pass mark of LL.B. (pass course):
2. Duration of LL.B. pass course is two years. It has been made three years, but the amended rule is yet to be implemented.
3. Latest development of curriculum:
4. Is there any limit regarding the admission into the law colleges:
5. Number of Law Colleges:
6. Does Inspector of College supervise the activities of Law Colleges?
7. What initiatives have been taken to reform law colleges?
8. Is there any change/reform to law colleges effected by the National University?
9. Number of students of law colleges:
10. Is there any plan of National University to reform law colleges?
1. National University has taken decision to increase the duration of present LL.B. course. Two-year LL.B. course will be transformed into three-year course. Curriculum Committee, headed by Professor Ershadul Bari, has finalised the curriculum for three-year course. Present curriculum contains 13 papers, the new curriculum will provide 20 papers. As soon as the Curriculum Committee will send the final report to National University, it will start to approve the same, which will then be applicable to the students of all the law colleges. Md. Mosaddeque Hossain, Section Officer of the Curriculum Development and Evaluation Centre, told that if everything goes in right direction, three-year course will be implemented from coming session.
National University authority has plan to open a separate law section, headed by a full-fledged professor, which will monitor the activities of the law colleges all over Bangladesh. It will ensure the development of infra-structure and library of the law colleges. Teaching methodology, curriculum, examination system--all will fall within the jurisdiction of the law section.
2. Pass mark of LL.B. examinations is 36%, second class 45%, and first class 60%.
3. Students do not require any admission test to get admitted into law colleges.
4. There is no age limit, any student of any age can get admitted into any law college.
5. There is no bar regarding number, law colleges may admit any number of students into their institutions.
6. Under the present dispensation Inspector of College is empowered to monitor the activities of law colleges. Generally the Inspector goes to a college (before its opening) and verify whether the college has fulfilled the preconditions prescribed by the National University. Inspector is overburdened with many activities, so he does not have sufficient time to monitor the activities of law colleges. Only before opening of a college and in case of any complaint filed against a college, Inspector manages time and verify the veracity of the complaint.
7. There are 70 law colleges in all over Bangladesh. We gave a list of 69 law colleges. To this list Dewan Idris Ali Law College, Savar will be added.
8. National university has abolished referred system from law colleges. Students will no longer get the benefit of referred system.
9. After registration a student has to pass Preliminary Examination within 2 years and Final Examination within 2 years. If any student fails to pass the above mentioned examination within 2 years, s/he has to register again.
10. LL.B. is a professional degree, National University has no plan to make it academic.
11. Currently there is no separate law section to monitor the activities of law colleges. Assistant Controller A. K.M. Nurul Alam Talukder looks into the affairs of Preliminary and Final examinations of law colleges. Md. Mosaddeque Hossain, Section officer of the Curriculum Development and Evaluation Centre, takes care of the development of LL.B. curriculum. The Inspection Department of Colleges has been empowered to look after the activities of the law colleges, but it does not have sufficient time to monitor the activities of law colleges.
Syllabus Committee of National University
For reviewing the present syllabus of LL.B. course under National University a Syllabus Committee was formed on 17.03.2003. Professor M. Ershadul Bari was the chairman of the Committee. Other members of the Committee are--Professor Taslima Mansoor, Ex-Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Dhaka, Khandoker Shamsuddin Mahmood, Principal, Central Law College, Dhaka, Professor Md. Fyezzuddin, Ex-Chairman, Department of Law, University of Rajshahi, Professor Abdul Karim Khan, Ex-Dean, Faculty of Law and Sharia, Kushtia University, Mohiuddin Khaled, Ex-Chairman, Department of Law, University of Chittagong, and Barrister Shafiq Ahmed, Principal, City Law College, Dhaka. Among the members Khandoker Shamsuddin Mahmood, Mohiuddin Khaled, and Barrister Shahfiq Ahmed did not work. The rest 4 members have finalised the new syllabus under the chairmanship of Dr. M. Ershadul Bari.
Now the the LL.B. two-year course has 13 subjects. Three-year course will have 20 subjects under the new syllabus. As soon as the Syllabus Committee will formally submit the new syllabus to the authority of National University, it will take appropriate measures to implement the same.
(Source of information: Md. Mossaddeque Hossain, Section Officer, Curriculum Development and Evaluation Centre, National University)
[1]. 23 Law Colleges sent their questionnaires back. Most of the questions have been tabulated on the basis of information given by 23 Law Colleges. But some Law Colleges did not give full account of the data sought. The researchers physically visited 8 law colleges of Chittagong, Rajshahi and Dhaka. Among 8 law colleges 5 are common from which the researchers collected information and they also sent the questionnaires back. When the total number exceeds 23, the researchers added the account of colleges they visited. Here we have stated the full account of 24 Law Colleges. 21 out of 23 Law Colleges gave full account of the data sought. We added full account of another 3 colleges which we visited and from where we collected information.
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Top Russian Law Schools
1. Brief Introduction to the Russian Legal Education System.
The Russian legal education sytem is based on European undergraduate traditions. Students enter law schools, as a rule, after leaving secondary school. At law schools, which are often referred to as law faculties or law academies, among law courses are also taught such subjects as humanities, economics and mathematics. Law students usually start to specialise in certain field of law in their fourth year. The standard set of specialisation is civil law, public international law, criminal law, administrative and financial law. However, this combination can vary in case of each school. Most wide-used method of tuition are lectures combined with seminars. The study year is divided into two terms. In the end of each term, students pass oral examinations, which take place in January and June. They are also required to pass so-called practicum in courts, prosecutor and notary offices, state agencies and law firms.
Law graduates are qualified only to general legal practice after passing state examinations and upon receiving their Diplomas of Higher Education (Bachelor or "Specialist" Degree in Law). Until the middle of 2002, bar admissions were required only for defence attorneys who specialised in criminal law. A new Federal Law Federal Law on advocate activity and advocacy in the Russian Federation, which entered into force as from 01 July 2002, provides that only advocates and in-house lawyers can represent the interests of companies in civil and administrative trials. A new Code of Arbitrzah Procedure also requires that persons representing companies in Russian commercial (so called (arbitrazh怀) courts to be either advocates (i.e. lawyers admitted to the Bar) or in-house lawyers of a concerned undertaking. Candidates for judge positions should have at least a five-year experience in legal field.
Russian law schools are divided into two major types: (a) old recognised schools and (b) new, usually commercial schools. Practically all top Russian law schools were established before 1991. There are also a number of specialised law schools such as institutes of Interior Ministry of the Russian Federation, institutes of the General Prosecutor Office, Academy of Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Academy of Tax Police, Academy of Tax Service, Customs Academy, All-Russian Academy of Foreign Commerce, military academies and etc.
2. Russian Degrees in Law
?
Degree in Law
(English equivalent)
Degree in Law
(Russian transliteration)
Duration of study
Awarded by the following law schools
1.
Bachelor in Law
LL.B
(Bakalavr jurisprudentsyi怀
4 years of full-time study
MGIMO, RUDN & etc.
2.
(Specialist怀 in Law
(the most widespread Russian Degree in Law, can be compared with the US J.D law degree)
"Spetsialist pravovedenya"
5 years of full-time study
Practically by all law schools.
3.
Master of Laws
LL.M
(Magistr jurisprudentsyi怀
2 years of full-time study
MGIMO, RUDN, RSPL, MSSES, Academic University, MGU (only for foreigners), Perm State University
4.
PhD in Law
(Research degree)
(Kandidat yuridicheskih nauk怀
3 years of full-time study
Practically by all top law schools and academic institutions such as IZiSP and IGP RAN
5.
Doctor of the Science of Law
US SJD or UK LLD
"Doctor yuridicheskih nauk"
-
By top law schools and academic institutions.
3. Top Russian Law Schools (of)
NB: If you want to visit the web-ste of a certain law school just click on its name.
?
Name
Russian acronym
Year of establishment of law school
Location/City
1.
Moscow State University
MGU
est. 1755
Moscow
2.
Moscow Institute of International Relations (University)
MGIMO
est. 1944
Moscow
3.
Moscow State Law Academy
MGUA
est. 1931
Moscow
4.
Peoples怀 Friendship University of Russia
RUDN
est. 1960
Moscow
5.
Sankt-Petersburg State University
SPbGU
est. 1724
Sankt-Petersburg
6.
Ural State Law Academy
UrGUA
est. 1931
Ekaterinburg
7.
Saratov State Academy of Law
SGAP
est. 1931.
Saratov
3.2 Top Law Schools and Academic Institutions (which offer only postgraduate programs)
?
Name
Russian acronym
Location/City
Degrees Awarded
8.
Russian School of Private Law
(This School is attached to the Private Law Research Center under the President of Russian Federation).
RSPL
Moscow/
Ekaterinburg
Master of Private Law
9.
The Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES)
MSVShN
Moscow
LL.M. of Manchester University
10.
The Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of Russian Federation
IZiSP
Moscow
PhD in Law, Doctor of the Science of Law
11.
The Institute of State and Law of Academy of the Sciences of Russia
IGP RAN
Moscow
PhD in Law, Doctor of the Science of Law
3.3. Top Law Schools of Regional Universities.
?
Name
Russian acronym
Year of establishment of law school
Location/City
12.
Tomsk State University
TGU
est. 1898
Tomsk
13.
Kazan State University
KazGU
est. 1804
Kazan
14.
Irkutsk State University
IGU
est. 1918
Irkutsk
15.
Perm State University
PGU
est. 1916
Perm
16.
Far East State University
DvGU
est. 1899
Vladivostok
17.
Rostov State University
RGU
est. 1915
Rostov-on-Don
4. List of most Russian Law Schools
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Law college & Colleges and Universities Netherlands
Amsterdam Faculty of Education@
Amsterdam School of International Relations - Post-graduate institute offering academic degrees in international relations, international trade law, and European business law.
Amsterdam-Maastricht Summer University (AMSU) - Offers summer courses in the arts, culture, and sciences for an international audience of artists, professionals, and academics.
Breda University of Professional Education@
Caribbean Medical University - CMU provides medical education and preparation for U.S., Canadian, and international students to pass USMLE and obtain licensure in the Unites States.
Christelijke Hogeschool Noord-Nederland - Providing higher vocational education.
Delft University of Technology@
Eindhoven University of Technology@
Erasmus University Rotterdam@
Hanzehogeschool@
HES Rotterdam - Institute for higher economic education.
Het Gelders College
Hogeschool Enschede@
Hogeschool Rotterdam - Offers professional education with practical training at companies, schools, and various organisations in Holland or abroad as part of the curriculum.
Hogeschool van Amsterdam
IBS Forum Online - Official site of the International Business Studies in The Hague.
Ichthus Hogeschool - Five schools located in Rotterdam and The Hague offering undergraduate and graduate education in business, communication, management and legal studies, social work, and education.
Institute of Social Studies - Post-graduate school of policy-oriented development studies. ISS generates and transfers knowledge on human aspects of economic and social change, development, and transition.
International Institute for Asian Studies@
International Institute for Infrastructural, Hydraulic, and Environmental Engineering@
King William I College - Koning Willem I College; in Dutch and English.
Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine - Royal Netherlands Naval College.
Leiden University@
Nijenrode University - Offers a range of international management programmes for future and executive managers, including in-company programmes.
NIMBAS Graduate School of Management - Associate institute of the University of Bradford.
Open University of the Netherlands@
Regionaal Opleidingen Centrum (ROC) Twente Plus - Regio Almelo verzorgt Beroepsonderwijs en VolwassenenEducatie (BVE): dienstverlening en gezondheidszorg, economie, educatie, en techniek.
Royal Conservatory of Music and Dance@
Saba University School of Medicine - In the Netherlands Antilles.
Saint James School of Medicine - Offers fully accredited MD programme leading to licensure in the USA and Canada, basic science curriculum, clinical rotations in U.S. hospitals, and a special programme for high school graduates.
SARA - Academic Computing Services Amsterdam
Saxion Universities - Offering English language bachelor and masters programmes in business and technical fields for international students.
Tilburg University@
TRAIL Research School - Post-graduate Netherlands Research School for Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics.
TSM Business School
United Nations University - Institute for New Technologies (UNU/INTECH) - Conducts policy oriented research on the economic and social impacts of new technologies in the international economy, especially in relation to the developing countries.
Universiteit van Amsterdam@
University of Groningen@
University of Limburg at Maastricht@
University of Nijmegen@
University of Twente@
Utrecht University@
Van Hall Instituut - Professional education for environmental sciences, animal management, and agriculture in the north of the Netherlands.
Vrije Universiteit@
Wageningen Agricultural University@
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Amsterdam School of International Relations - Post-graduate institute offering academic degrees in international relations, international trade law, and European business law.
Amsterdam-Maastricht Summer University (AMSU) - Offers summer courses in the arts, culture, and sciences for an international audience of artists, professionals, and academics.
Breda University of Professional Education@
Caribbean Medical University - CMU provides medical education and preparation for U.S., Canadian, and international students to pass USMLE and obtain licensure in the Unites States.
Christelijke Hogeschool Noord-Nederland - Providing higher vocational education.
Delft University of Technology@
Eindhoven University of Technology@
Erasmus University Rotterdam@
Hanzehogeschool@
HES Rotterdam - Institute for higher economic education.
Het Gelders College
Hogeschool Enschede@
Hogeschool Rotterdam - Offers professional education with practical training at companies, schools, and various organisations in Holland or abroad as part of the curriculum.
Hogeschool van Amsterdam
IBS Forum Online - Official site of the International Business Studies in The Hague.
Ichthus Hogeschool - Five schools located in Rotterdam and The Hague offering undergraduate and graduate education in business, communication, management and legal studies, social work, and education.
Institute of Social Studies - Post-graduate school of policy-oriented development studies. ISS generates and transfers knowledge on human aspects of economic and social change, development, and transition.
International Institute for Asian Studies@
International Institute for Infrastructural, Hydraulic, and Environmental Engineering@
King William I College - Koning Willem I College; in Dutch and English.
Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine - Royal Netherlands Naval College.
Leiden University@
Nijenrode University - Offers a range of international management programmes for future and executive managers, including in-company programmes.
NIMBAS Graduate School of Management - Associate institute of the University of Bradford.
Open University of the Netherlands@
Regionaal Opleidingen Centrum (ROC) Twente Plus - Regio Almelo verzorgt Beroepsonderwijs en VolwassenenEducatie (BVE): dienstverlening en gezondheidszorg, economie, educatie, en techniek.
Royal Conservatory of Music and Dance@
Saba University School of Medicine - In the Netherlands Antilles.
Saint James School of Medicine - Offers fully accredited MD programme leading to licensure in the USA and Canada, basic science curriculum, clinical rotations in U.S. hospitals, and a special programme for high school graduates.
SARA - Academic Computing Services Amsterdam
Saxion Universities - Offering English language bachelor and masters programmes in business and technical fields for international students.
Tilburg University@
TRAIL Research School - Post-graduate Netherlands Research School for Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics.
TSM Business School
United Nations University - Institute for New Technologies (UNU/INTECH) - Conducts policy oriented research on the economic and social impacts of new technologies in the international economy, especially in relation to the developing countries.
Universiteit van Amsterdam@
University of Groningen@
University of Limburg at Maastricht@
University of Nijmegen@
University of Twente@
Utrecht University@
Van Hall Instituut - Professional education for environmental sciences, animal management, and agriculture in the north of the Netherlands.
Vrije Universiteit@
Wageningen Agricultural University@
http://study-australia.info/
http://study-canada.info
http://study-china.info
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http://study-germany.info
http://study-hongkong.info
http://study-ireland.info
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http://study-netherlands.info
http://study-newzealand.info
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http://studyinbangladesh.info
http://studyindia.org
http://studyindubai.info
http://studysingapore.info
List of Universities & Law colleges in Malaysia
List of Universiti in
AIMST University
Al-Madinah International University
Asia e University
Asia Pacific University College of Technology and Innovation
Binary University College of Management and Entrepreneurship
Curtin University of Technology
Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences
Darul Iman University, Malaysia
HELP University College
Industrial University of Selangor
International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance
International Islamic University Malaysia
International Medical University
International University College of Technology Twintech
INTI International University College
Insaniah University College
Islamic Science University of Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur Infrastructure University College
Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College
Limkokwing University of Creative Technology
Malaysia Theological Seminary
Malaysia University of Science and Technology
Management and Science University
MARA University of Technology
Monash University
Multimedia University
National Defence University of Malaysia
National University of Malaysia
Nilai International University College
Northern University of Malaysia
Open University Malaysia
Petronas University of Technology
Putra University, Malaysia
Selangor International Islamic University College
Sultan Idris University of Education
Sunway University College
Swinburne University of Technology
TATI University College
TaylorҀs University College
Technical University of Malaysia, Melaka
Tenaga Nasional University
Tun Abdul Razak University
Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia
Tunku Abdul Rahman University
University College Sedaya International
University of Kuala Lumpur
University of Malaya
University of Malaysia, Kelantan
University of Science, Malaysia
University of Malaysia, Pahang
University of Malaysia, Perlis
University of Malaysia, Sabah
University of Malaysia, Sarawak
University of Malaysia, Terengganu
University of Nottingham
Wawasan Open University
http://study-australia.info/
http://study-canada.info
http://study-china.info
http://study-france.info
http://study-germany.info
http://study-hongkong.info
http://study-ireland.info
http://study-italy.info
http://study-japan.info
http://study-malaysia.info
http://study-netherlands.info
http://study-newzealand.info
http://study-russia.info
http://study-switzerland.info
http://study-uk.info
http://study-us.info
http://studyinbangladesh.info
http://studyindia.org
http://studyindubai.info
http://studysingapore.info
AIMST University
Al-Madinah International University
Asia e University
Asia Pacific University College of Technology and Innovation
Binary University College of Management and Entrepreneurship
Curtin University of Technology
Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences
Darul Iman University, Malaysia
HELP University College
Industrial University of Selangor
International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance
International Islamic University Malaysia
International Medical University
International University College of Technology Twintech
INTI International University College
Insaniah University College
Islamic Science University of Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur Infrastructure University College
Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College
Limkokwing University of Creative Technology
Malaysia Theological Seminary
Malaysia University of Science and Technology
Management and Science University
MARA University of Technology
Monash University
Multimedia University
National Defence University of Malaysia
National University of Malaysia
Nilai International University College
Northern University of Malaysia
Open University Malaysia
Petronas University of Technology
Putra University, Malaysia
Selangor International Islamic University College
Sultan Idris University of Education
Sunway University College
Swinburne University of Technology
TATI University College
TaylorҀs University College
Technical University of Malaysia, Melaka
Tenaga Nasional University
Tun Abdul Razak University
Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia
Tunku Abdul Rahman University
University College Sedaya International
University of Kuala Lumpur
University of Malaya
University of Malaysia, Kelantan
University of Science, Malaysia
University of Malaysia, Pahang
University of Malaysia, Perlis
University of Malaysia, Sabah
University of Malaysia, Sarawak
University of Malaysia, Terengganu
University of Nottingham
Wawasan Open University
http://study-australia.info/
http://study-canada.info
http://study-china.info
http://study-france.info
http://study-germany.info
http://study-hongkong.info
http://study-ireland.info
http://study-italy.info
http://study-japan.info
http://study-malaysia.info
http://study-netherlands.info
http://study-newzealand.info
http://study-russia.info
http://study-switzerland.info
http://study-uk.info
http://study-us.info
http://studyinbangladesh.info
http://studyindia.org
http://studyindubai.info
http://studysingapore.info
Saturday, September 26, 2009
Return to Blogging and Recent Developments
My life has been increasingly busy during the past 18 months and this has prevented me from being active with this blog. This first post in a long time will end my self-imposed silence and return to chronicling institutional rebrandings.
Some of the developments in the past 2 years include my selection as the winner of the 2008 Leo and Margaret Goodman-Malamuth winner for the Outstanding Dissertation for Research in Higher Education Administration. This was quite the honor bestowed by the American Association of University Administrators and I received my award in June 2008 in Salt Lake City, Utah.
In 2009, the Council for Advancement and Support of Education awarded my dissertation the international Alice L. Beeman Outstanding Research Award for a Dissertation in Communications and Marketing for Educational Advancement. I received this honor during July of this year in Washington, DC.
In the wake of the second award, I received quite a bit of press including the Associated Press picking up the story and a feature in the Chronicle of Higher Education. The dissertation and stories regarding the awards can be found at http://www.newriver.net.
Most recently U.S. News and World Report featured a story where they interviewed me regarding institutional rebrandings (see Colleges Play the Name Game).
I want to comment on this article as well as one of the comments contributed by a reader.
Mountain State University
In the section discussing Mountain State University (my employer) and its name choice, further explanation is needed as the entire story was not told. It appears from the article (which I much appreciated my inclusion) that the main reason the Mountain State University name was chosen was because of the confusion "State" in our name might cause to consumers. While I did discuss this in the initial interview, I followed up in response to Ms. Clark's request for clarification. She stated:
My response clarified this statement as well as put it in perspective. I replied with the following:
There were side benefits for the inclusion of "State" in Mountain State University name; however, the "State" is included not as a reference to state controlled or operated - but is included because West Virginia's nickname is the "Mountain State." So there is a difference when you look at the name in its entirety and where the emphasis should be placed. Our emphasis would have been Mountain State University with the emphasis on our status. Certainly, Mountain State University - with an emphasis on location (the Mountain State) also makes much more sense than the article's implied Mountain State University - emphasizing the possible confusion with public institutions.
University Definition
Secondly, Howard J. Bachman's comment:
I appreciated Mr. Bachman's analysis and information. I was able to secure the NCES definition:
Unfortunately, I did not find the NCES definition when I was writing my dissertation in 2006 and 2007 and it would have contributed greatly to my research. The 1982 reference indicates that this has been in place for some time; however, I had accessed the NCES definitions in regard to how the NCES defined degree programs and did not see this among the definitions and it may not have been online until 2008. While it may have been an oversight on my part, I had searched in earnest for the definition of university from a variety of sources and never discovered this particular one, which is very limiting in scope. I thank Mr. Bachman for alerting us to this particular definition and hopefully it will aid others who research this subject.
It is good to be back.
Some of the developments in the past 2 years include my selection as the winner of the 2008 Leo and Margaret Goodman-Malamuth winner for the Outstanding Dissertation for Research in Higher Education Administration. This was quite the honor bestowed by the American Association of University Administrators and I received my award in June 2008 in Salt Lake City, Utah.
In 2009, the Council for Advancement and Support of Education awarded my dissertation the international Alice L. Beeman Outstanding Research Award for a Dissertation in Communications and Marketing for Educational Advancement. I received this honor during July of this year in Washington, DC.
In the wake of the second award, I received quite a bit of press including the Associated Press picking up the story and a feature in the Chronicle of Higher Education. The dissertation and stories regarding the awards can be found at http://www.newriver.net.
Most recently U.S. News and World Report featured a story where they interviewed me regarding institutional rebrandings (see Colleges Play the Name Game).
I want to comment on this article as well as one of the comments contributed by a reader.
Mountain State University
In the section discussing Mountain State University (my employer) and its name choice, further explanation is needed as the entire story was not told. It appears from the article (which I much appreciated my inclusion) that the main reason the Mountain State University name was chosen was because of the confusion "State" in our name might cause to consumers. While I did discuss this in the initial interview, I followed up in response to Ms. Clark's request for clarification. She stated:
"When the College of West Virginia changed its name to Mountain State University in 2001, the college president told you, as you were doing your dissertation research, that he was counting on some confusion by prospective students over whether the institution was a state or private university."
My response clarified this statement as well as put it in perspective. I replied with the following:
Well, that was a tertiary reason for the name selection and not a primary one. I'll explain that in a minute. Dr. Charles H. Polk, our president, was leading us into our second metamorphosis since coming to the school in 1990. It was a junior college when he arrived in 1990 and by 1991, the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools approved Beckley College to offer four-year degrees. With this approval, we began to position ourselves as an institution beyond our hometown and county. Dr. Polk selected the name "The College of West Virginia" to indicate that we were anticipating branching out to other areas in the state. This eventually happened.
By 1998, we also sought permission to offer graduate programs. By 2001, CWV had been approved to offer seven Master's degrees. With this change, Dr. Polk felt that our name needed to reflect our new status as a university - hence, the name Mountain State University was selected. In 2009, we received permission to offer an additional Master's degree and a doctorate. In less than 20 years, we moved from a junior college to a doctoral granting institution. I don't have the figures in front of me for 2009, but by comparison - we conferred 369 degrees and certificates in 2002 and in 2008, we conferred 1,163 degrees and certificates. While the name contributed indirectly to these figures, being market driven has allowed us to be above the curve on enrollment than most other rebranded institutions.
A secondary reason for the MSU name change was that we needed a name that was more attractive. As we were moving towards having campuses and sites in other states, we needed a name that wasn't going to be geographically limiting. Therefore, Mountain State University (with West Virginia being the Mountain State), while not alienating our hometown constituents and alumni, served to play better outside of West Virginia. We currently have sites in Florida, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, DC, and a comprehensive campus in Martinsburg, WV. Part of the reason for the shift in names would allow us to be more attractive to non-West Virginians. In my interview with Dr. Polk, he stated: "It was something that could play anywhere . . . . ItҀs more marketable and less bound to geography. You could use Mountain State and think Colorado, Vermont, West Virginia, or any number of places."
As far as the addition of "State" in our name, here is his exact quote: "Frankly, when I made that decision back in 2001, it was a deliberate decision. I think there are two ways of looking at brands. One that it needs to create in the minds in someone the absence of questions and with it you find the money and promote it and to make it well known. The other is creating, to some extent, a brand with confusion. Then when you are out there trying to spread that brand around, I think in the minds of many people they begin to think in terms of flagship institutions. They think about the University of Texas and North Carolina State and all of those kinds of schools. It was a judgment that I made. It was better to have, not a deceptive element, but an indication that this institution was like others.
Owston, J.M. (2007). Survival of the fittest? The rebranding of West Virginia higher education. (Doctoral dissertation, Marshall University). Publication No. AAT 3310223, pp. 210-215.
Owston, J.M. (2009, September 16). Email to Kim Clark, RE: factchecking. Personal communication.
There were side benefits for the inclusion of "State" in Mountain State University name; however, the "State" is included not as a reference to state controlled or operated - but is included because West Virginia's nickname is the "Mountain State." So there is a difference when you look at the name in its entirety and where the emphasis should be placed. Our emphasis would have been Mountain State University with the emphasis on our status. Certainly, Mountain State University - with an emphasis on location (the Mountain State) also makes much more sense than the article's implied Mountain State University - emphasizing the possible confusion with public institutions.
University Definition
Secondly, Howard J. Bachman's comment:
"For a 'college' to change it's name to a 'university' can be more about deceit than marketing. The best definition of a 'university' was set forth from the National Center for Education Statistics which indicated that a university must grant not only bachelor's and master's degrees but must have at least two professional schools (i.e. Law, Engineering, Medicine, Pharmacy etc.) At least by this definition, the number of universities in the US probably fall short of 200."
I appreciated Mr. Bachman's analysis and information. I was able to secure the NCES definition:
University An institution of higher education consisting of a liberal arts college, a diverse graduate program, and usually two or more professional schools or faculties and empowered to confer degrees in various fields of study. For purposes of maintaining trend data in this publication, the selection of university institutions has not been revised since 1982.
Bachman, H.J. (2009, September 21). Comment to "Colleges play the name game." U.S. News & World Report [online edition]. Available at http://www.usnews.com/articles/education/2009/09/17/colleges-play-the-name-game.html
National Center for Education Statistics (2008). Digest of education statistics: 2008 ׀ Appendix B: Definitions. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Available from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d08/app_b.asp
Unfortunately, I did not find the NCES definition when I was writing my dissertation in 2006 and 2007 and it would have contributed greatly to my research. The 1982 reference indicates that this has been in place for some time; however, I had accessed the NCES definitions in regard to how the NCES defined degree programs and did not see this among the definitions and it may not have been online until 2008. While it may have been an oversight on my part, I had searched in earnest for the definition of university from a variety of sources and never discovered this particular one, which is very limiting in scope. I thank Mr. Bachman for alerting us to this particular definition and hopefully it will aid others who research this subject.
It is good to be back.
Thursday, September 24, 2009
Private Tuitionŀ more than just a part time job
Balancing with our progressive education systems and its reformation, home tutoring has also taken a strong shape in this need of hour. Hence professional career as a private tutor is one of the most sought after and highly paid job in many countries. MyPrivateTutor.com takes a look on growth curve of home tutoring jobs in India.
Demand upsurge for Private TutorŀThe driving factors:
Expanded teaching horizon
We have been seeing for so many decades how private tutors being the part and parcel with studentҀs academic progress. Education is no more just for knowledge gathering these days rather itҀs very much tailor made and job oriented. Here comes the real demand for the need and case based experts. Let it be in the form of an IT professional, an Engineer, a lawyer, a medical practitioner or a chartered accountant anything. Connecting knowledge to field of application is what is being counted. The idea of a conventional private tutor i.e. typical school or college teacher doesnҀt fit always into most of the parentҀs selection criteria these days. As learning streams became diverse, up gradations became a daily routine to monitor, a good student requires individual attention for every doubts. Even certain conventional teaching practices are getting obsolete since information resources gets wider. Thanks to World Wide Web.
Therefore demand goes up for working professionals, retired persons, and unemployed postgraduates with good tutoring records. Urban Countries like US, UK, Singapore, China, Malaysia, and Australia have shown tremendous growth opportunity for home tuition services. Much positivity and overall progress of a nation shows the strong trustworthy bonding between students and teachers which is an indispensable social building block.
Preplanned career graph
Even parents become flexible enough and looking for options rather than institutional teachers. Cost effectiveness along with local reach gets into their priority list. Parents donҀt spare a single way so as to find the best resource for their students and take extra effort setting up a target. For example itҀs very common that a student of class VIII has started preparing for IIT entrance or AIIMS . Hence number of tutor per student gets a good high irrespective of classes or standard. Therefore opportunity seems to be vibrant for those who aspires their career as a recognized private tutor. It gives you enough to live independently, enough to enhance your creativity as well as perfect enough to meet your expectations. We at My Private Tutor.com convert this opportunity factor into reality for the people who have the passion or need for private tuition.
Need at all level
As noticed from MyPrivateTutor.com records, there are good number of young people with strong engineering and IT background completely engaged in private tuition service. Even competitive exam aspirants also have a huge share on that. As per regular tuition enquiry received at My Private Tutor.com, students from lower classes prefer flexible tuition schedule since their involvement with other extra curricular activities also come into priority list. In fact during career enhancement or skill up gradation many working professionals are searching for private tutor. For them tuition fees neednҀt to be compromised. Therefore it is better not to categorize home tuition concept in terms of standard, class, category or age neither for a tutor nor even for a student.
Student search at finger tips
ItҀs evident from current tutoring jobs listed in MyprivateTutor.com that today one need not to put an extra effort to find a student for from his area to teach. You can select your preferred area of tuition, students category, available time schedule, expected fees to get students of your choice. Also showcase your experience details, tutoring approach to find more student enquiries. Update on tuition enquiry from your area is easily available to you through e mail, SMS alerts. Home work or assignments will add value to your monthly tuition fees as well. Thus search for a private tutoring job becomes easier and quick with the help of home tuition agencies.
Give yourself another chance
Many of us would agree at a certain stage of life that we could not accomplish all of our dreams. Perhaps you wanted to be a teacher or a professor and devote yourself for social deeds. Or say you are a retired person sitting idle at your home, want to rejuvenate life with budding generation; this is the time to go after your cherished goals. It can be anything respect, involvement, money, refreshments but must to say a great social contribution after all.
Tell us what drives you to see yourself as a good private tutor . Send your opinion at info @ myprivatetutor.com. LetҀs join hands, give us an opportunity to take you to your cherished goals.
Demand upsurge for Private TutorŀThe driving factors:
Expanded teaching horizon
We have been seeing for so many decades how private tutors being the part and parcel with studentҀs academic progress. Education is no more just for knowledge gathering these days rather itҀs very much tailor made and job oriented. Here comes the real demand for the need and case based experts. Let it be in the form of an IT professional, an Engineer, a lawyer, a medical practitioner or a chartered accountant anything. Connecting knowledge to field of application is what is being counted. The idea of a conventional private tutor i.e. typical school or college teacher doesnҀt fit always into most of the parentҀs selection criteria these days. As learning streams became diverse, up gradations became a daily routine to monitor, a good student requires individual attention for every doubts. Even certain conventional teaching practices are getting obsolete since information resources gets wider. Thanks to World Wide Web.
Therefore demand goes up for working professionals, retired persons, and unemployed postgraduates with good tutoring records. Urban Countries like US, UK, Singapore, China, Malaysia, and Australia have shown tremendous growth opportunity for home tuition services. Much positivity and overall progress of a nation shows the strong trustworthy bonding between students and teachers which is an indispensable social building block.
Preplanned career graph
Even parents become flexible enough and looking for options rather than institutional teachers. Cost effectiveness along with local reach gets into their priority list. Parents donҀt spare a single way so as to find the best resource for their students and take extra effort setting up a target. For example itҀs very common that a student of class VIII has started preparing for IIT entrance or AIIMS . Hence number of tutor per student gets a good high irrespective of classes or standard. Therefore opportunity seems to be vibrant for those who aspires their career as a recognized private tutor. It gives you enough to live independently, enough to enhance your creativity as well as perfect enough to meet your expectations. We at My Private Tutor.com convert this opportunity factor into reality for the people who have the passion or need for private tuition.
Need at all level
As noticed from MyPrivateTutor.com records, there are good number of young people with strong engineering and IT background completely engaged in private tuition service. Even competitive exam aspirants also have a huge share on that. As per regular tuition enquiry received at My Private Tutor.com, students from lower classes prefer flexible tuition schedule since their involvement with other extra curricular activities also come into priority list. In fact during career enhancement or skill up gradation many working professionals are searching for private tutor. For them tuition fees neednҀt to be compromised. Therefore it is better not to categorize home tuition concept in terms of standard, class, category or age neither for a tutor nor even for a student.
Student search at finger tips
ItҀs evident from current tutoring jobs listed in MyprivateTutor.com that today one need not to put an extra effort to find a student for from his area to teach. You can select your preferred area of tuition, students category, available time schedule, expected fees to get students of your choice. Also showcase your experience details, tutoring approach to find more student enquiries. Update on tuition enquiry from your area is easily available to you through e mail, SMS alerts. Home work or assignments will add value to your monthly tuition fees as well. Thus search for a private tutoring job becomes easier and quick with the help of home tuition agencies.
Give yourself another chance
Many of us would agree at a certain stage of life that we could not accomplish all of our dreams. Perhaps you wanted to be a teacher or a professor and devote yourself for social deeds. Or say you are a retired person sitting idle at your home, want to rejuvenate life with budding generation; this is the time to go after your cherished goals. It can be anything respect, involvement, money, refreshments but must to say a great social contribution after all.
Tell us what drives you to see yourself as a good private tutor . Send your opinion at info @ myprivatetutor.com. LetҀs join hands, give us an opportunity to take you to your cherished goals.
A Real TeacherŀNext to God: How far you are?
DonҀt you feel proud when someone dedicates his award to you on a special day. Say it a tribute or gratitude, it is sheer love from your student. He takes the credit and share with you without any hesitation or selfishness.
Just alike after giving birth to a baby Mother doesnҀt get empty rather she gets filled up with so many bonding and relations. As more you dig your knowledge resource and pour every drops of it for your students, you get more enriched with power, vision and satisfactions. Its all about happiness and enthusiasm of a teacher that drives a student for all pains , sacrifice through out the year and then success. Can a good teacher take his student for granted ever when he is so much responsible for the most sought-after decision for parents . Experience the pure heart in a student who believes you most as his greatest mentor. Being a teacher not only you make yourself bound to a student but also to the society, nation and above all humanity. In this auspicious occasion of Teachers Day, feel proud as a great contributor for your social deeds.
Share such few enjoyable moments with My PrivateTutor.com today. Let your students know how precious they are for you. Send your wonderful tutoring experiences, valuable views on current education system or ideal private tutoring approach anything. We will be pleased to publish it in our blog that has been launched to celebrate September 05. It is our tribute to the Academic Philosopher of India Dr. Radhakrishnan. Send your stories at info @ myprivatetutor.com. Make it most for TeachersҀ Day.
Just alike after giving birth to a baby Mother doesnҀt get empty rather she gets filled up with so many bonding and relations. As more you dig your knowledge resource and pour every drops of it for your students, you get more enriched with power, vision and satisfactions. Its all about happiness and enthusiasm of a teacher that drives a student for all pains , sacrifice through out the year and then success. Can a good teacher take his student for granted ever when he is so much responsible for the most sought-after decision for parents . Experience the pure heart in a student who believes you most as his greatest mentor. Being a teacher not only you make yourself bound to a student but also to the society, nation and above all humanity. In this auspicious occasion of Teachers Day, feel proud as a great contributor for your social deeds.
Share such few enjoyable moments with My PrivateTutor.com today. Let your students know how precious they are for you. Send your wonderful tutoring experiences, valuable views on current education system or ideal private tutoring approach anything. We will be pleased to publish it in our blog that has been launched to celebrate September 05. It is our tribute to the Academic Philosopher of India Dr. Radhakrishnan. Send your stories at info @ myprivatetutor.com. Make it most for TeachersҀ Day.
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
Connecting students to tutors
Students improve faster when they feel connected to their tutor. MyPrivateTutor.com makes that connection their first priority when matching students with tutors
When a person needs help with something, they often ask someone they trust and respect. The key to effectively getting the needed help is often tied to the level of trust, respect, and comfort between the two parties. This also applies to students learning their academic subjects.
Students Often Need Connection to Succeed
In school, students do not get any choice as to who their teachers are, so they have to deal with whatever personality or teaching style issues they may have in their classes. Students may feel intimidated or bored by the teacher during class, which makes them less likely to want to ask that teacher for help. What a struggling student needs is someone he can connect with and trust, and someone with whom she feels comfortable making a mistake.
Tutors Can Provide Necessary Connection
The same can be true for tutoring. If the student does not like the tutor or does not connect with her in some way, then those one hour sessions can be very very long. Parents can force attendance at tutoring sessions, but they cannot force progress. In tutoring, it is so important to make sure the match with the tutor is a good one. The great thing about tutoring is that parents and students are in control of the match, unlike in school.
Tutors Reach for ӀMentoring RelationshipԀ
This is not to say that the tutor and student should be best buddies. The healthy tutor relationship is more like that of a respected uncle or sibling who is 10 years older. There is a respect and a connection, and the student feels safe making mistakes and fixing them in front of the tutor. The student also may feel like he can talk to the tutor about fears and current issues the student faces. In effect, what the tutor is building is a mentoring relationship with the student that can go far beyond the subjects being tutored. This bond between the tutor and the student is what fuels the improvement, and jump starts the student to success.
We Take the Match Seriously
At MyPrivateTutor.com, we take great care in matching students with tutors. It starts with hiring only the best, most experienced tutors who have a record of positive interactions with students. We factor in personality traits, learning styles, gender, age and knowledge and teaching ability. We offer a free consultation, where we learn more about the studentҀs unique needs, and then we tailor the tutor and tutoring plan to those needs. The results are striking.
Tutoring with Connection Works
At MyPrivateTutor.com , we have seen many students jump started by a good match. For instance, a five minute conversation about basketball may pave the way for 55 minutes of intense geometry, where the student Ӏgets itԀ for the first time. At first glance, a parent might see that five minutes as a waste of time, but it may have been the trigger that engaged the student emotionally. With young people, motivation is so important, and the ability to motivate often comes from the connection between two people.
When a person needs help with something, they often ask someone they trust and respect. The key to effectively getting the needed help is often tied to the level of trust, respect, and comfort between the two parties. This also applies to students learning their academic subjects.
Students Often Need Connection to Succeed
In school, students do not get any choice as to who their teachers are, so they have to deal with whatever personality or teaching style issues they may have in their classes. Students may feel intimidated or bored by the teacher during class, which makes them less likely to want to ask that teacher for help. What a struggling student needs is someone he can connect with and trust, and someone with whom she feels comfortable making a mistake.
Tutors Can Provide Necessary Connection
The same can be true for tutoring. If the student does not like the tutor or does not connect with her in some way, then those one hour sessions can be very very long. Parents can force attendance at tutoring sessions, but they cannot force progress. In tutoring, it is so important to make sure the match with the tutor is a good one. The great thing about tutoring is that parents and students are in control of the match, unlike in school.
Tutors Reach for ӀMentoring RelationshipԀ
This is not to say that the tutor and student should be best buddies. The healthy tutor relationship is more like that of a respected uncle or sibling who is 10 years older. There is a respect and a connection, and the student feels safe making mistakes and fixing them in front of the tutor. The student also may feel like he can talk to the tutor about fears and current issues the student faces. In effect, what the tutor is building is a mentoring relationship with the student that can go far beyond the subjects being tutored. This bond between the tutor and the student is what fuels the improvement, and jump starts the student to success.
We Take the Match Seriously
At MyPrivateTutor.com, we take great care in matching students with tutors. It starts with hiring only the best, most experienced tutors who have a record of positive interactions with students. We factor in personality traits, learning styles, gender, age and knowledge and teaching ability. We offer a free consultation, where we learn more about the studentҀs unique needs, and then we tailor the tutor and tutoring plan to those needs. The results are striking.
Tutoring with Connection Works
At MyPrivateTutor.com , we have seen many students jump started by a good match. For instance, a five minute conversation about basketball may pave the way for 55 minutes of intense geometry, where the student Ӏgets itԀ for the first time. At first glance, a parent might see that five minutes as a waste of time, but it may have been the trigger that engaged the student emotionally. With young people, motivation is so important, and the ability to motivate often comes from the connection between two people.
Choosing a home tutorŀ.Judgment for Parent
All of us have a flair idea on selecting the best when needed. But understanding and counseling a tutor for student is not a cake walk for everybody. It takes some serious effort to generate that amount of faith on a private tutor.My PrivateTutor.com makes your tutor search easier and trustworthy as tutors here are filtered through several verification criteria.
Understand your studentҀs need first:
If we talk about ever growing sector in service industry today in India, Education gets priority than others. Say it upgradation, changes or reformation it is a sheer concern for everybody. For parents this is nothing but a challenge against tough competitions right from pre րschool levels to higher studies till the end. Naturally they often get confused with so many options around them. Though they donҀt leave a stone to search the perfect match but success rate is not assured enough.
Let it be frank, apparently how many parents do the real check while identifying suitable match for their students? Can you believe a tutor just based on his words? For parents is it really possible to realize studentҀs IQ frequency with different environments always? For e.g. at home, schools, playgrounds, coaching centers, friends place or in front of a private tutor . General tendency goes with either exceptional educational qualification or huge tutoring experience of a tutor. But it is better to do the screening first and analyze the factors that motivate a student towards his educational gadgets. Needless to say, proper consultation with an expertise from large tuition agency like MyPrivateTutor.com gives you that level of comfort as anticipated. With its on ground experience on Private Tutor networking relationships across India it gives you what you need exactly and also tells you how to satisfy your search.
Important points to remember:
We are offering you some guidelines you should follow, or at least take into consideration, when looking for a home tutor.
Good education background
The wonderful home tutor is the one with who your child is at ease, who stimulates your childҀs intellect and commitment for study. The best way to choose a good home tutor is to do a bit of research and to get involved in the selection process. What is needed is justification of educational qualification and relevant tutoring experience. Here recommendations or good reference from a leading tuition agency e.g. MyPrivateTutor.com works brilliant.
Good Character- accountability, integrity, promptness, devotion and persistence
While choosing a home tutor you should find for these must to have qualities in him/her: accountability, integrity, promptness, devotion and persistence. How to determine whether a certain candidate possesses the qualifications required and the abilities you are looking for. It is simple. Check the candidateҀs background. You ask to see diplomas, degrees, other educational qualifications he might have, letters of recommendation from previous assignments, school examination reports or word of mouth popularity. The reliability factor only depends on time. You have two ways for identifying whether your home tutor is a reliable one or not. First, you could be an observant parent and monitor the teaching sessions. Secondly, you could just go for your childҀs opinion. Persuade your child to speak up and express all his/hers preference lists towards the home tutor. Finally, the understanding between the home tutor and your child will surely bring the best results.
Get suggestions and guidelines from reputed private TutorҀs forum. Before selecting a particular tutor browse through all relevant tutors from your region, check their method of teaching and get assured with other required information provided by such tuition agencies. Make your area of choice wider but judicious planning with personal consultation from academic counselor will give you valid and unique inputs, a more realistic view point.
Able to make student understand and pick up the problematic areas
Ideal tutor is the one who is able to discover your childҀs lacks on a certain subject; the one that can stimulate the childҀs mind and commitment; the one that has the ability to motivate your child to work hard; and, above all, the one that can set him/her as an example of morality and responsibility. Regular and smooth interaction between Guardian and tutor makes sense, it helps to channelize tutor towards his job responsibilities. Follow ups with student also gives a flair idea while bridging the communication gap during study hours. Know the real cases from MyPrivateTutor.com records.
We all know ӀPrevention is better than cureԀ. Try to get as much as tutor information from authorized and trustable tutor providing organization.. Never be afraid to refuse or fire any home tutor that doesnҀt suit your expectations. For the easiest way to find your own home tutor, personal tutor or private tutor just visit us at MyPrivateTutor.com. Have any query on your tutor search donҀt hesitate to write us at info@myprivatetutor.com. Because you deserve the most for your student from us.
Understand your studentҀs need first:
If we talk about ever growing sector in service industry today in India, Education gets priority than others. Say it upgradation, changes or reformation it is a sheer concern for everybody. For parents this is nothing but a challenge against tough competitions right from pre րschool levels to higher studies till the end. Naturally they often get confused with so many options around them. Though they donҀt leave a stone to search the perfect match but success rate is not assured enough.
Let it be frank, apparently how many parents do the real check while identifying suitable match for their students? Can you believe a tutor just based on his words? For parents is it really possible to realize studentҀs IQ frequency with different environments always? For e.g. at home, schools, playgrounds, coaching centers, friends place or in front of a private tutor . General tendency goes with either exceptional educational qualification or huge tutoring experience of a tutor. But it is better to do the screening first and analyze the factors that motivate a student towards his educational gadgets. Needless to say, proper consultation with an expertise from large tuition agency like MyPrivateTutor.com gives you that level of comfort as anticipated. With its on ground experience on Private Tutor networking relationships across India it gives you what you need exactly and also tells you how to satisfy your search.
Important points to remember:
We are offering you some guidelines you should follow, or at least take into consideration, when looking for a home tutor.
Good education background
The wonderful home tutor is the one with who your child is at ease, who stimulates your childҀs intellect and commitment for study. The best way to choose a good home tutor is to do a bit of research and to get involved in the selection process. What is needed is justification of educational qualification and relevant tutoring experience. Here recommendations or good reference from a leading tuition agency e.g. MyPrivateTutor.com works brilliant.
Good Character- accountability, integrity, promptness, devotion and persistence
While choosing a home tutor you should find for these must to have qualities in him/her: accountability, integrity, promptness, devotion and persistence. How to determine whether a certain candidate possesses the qualifications required and the abilities you are looking for. It is simple. Check the candidateҀs background. You ask to see diplomas, degrees, other educational qualifications he might have, letters of recommendation from previous assignments, school examination reports or word of mouth popularity. The reliability factor only depends on time. You have two ways for identifying whether your home tutor is a reliable one or not. First, you could be an observant parent and monitor the teaching sessions. Secondly, you could just go for your childҀs opinion. Persuade your child to speak up and express all his/hers preference lists towards the home tutor. Finally, the understanding between the home tutor and your child will surely bring the best results.
Get suggestions and guidelines from reputed private TutorҀs forum. Before selecting a particular tutor browse through all relevant tutors from your region, check their method of teaching and get assured with other required information provided by such tuition agencies. Make your area of choice wider but judicious planning with personal consultation from academic counselor will give you valid and unique inputs, a more realistic view point.
Able to make student understand and pick up the problematic areas
Ideal tutor is the one who is able to discover your childҀs lacks on a certain subject; the one that can stimulate the childҀs mind and commitment; the one that has the ability to motivate your child to work hard; and, above all, the one that can set him/her as an example of morality and responsibility. Regular and smooth interaction between Guardian and tutor makes sense, it helps to channelize tutor towards his job responsibilities. Follow ups with student also gives a flair idea while bridging the communication gap during study hours. Know the real cases from MyPrivateTutor.com records.
We all know ӀPrevention is better than cureԀ. Try to get as much as tutor information from authorized and trustable tutor providing organization.. Never be afraid to refuse or fire any home tutor that doesnҀt suit your expectations. For the easiest way to find your own home tutor, personal tutor or private tutor just visit us at MyPrivateTutor.com. Have any query on your tutor search donҀt hesitate to write us at info@myprivatetutor.com. Because you deserve the most for your student from us.
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