Wednesday, December 24, 2008

Student Visas

Student Applicants (for F-1 and M-1 visas) - Overview

If you are going to the U.S. primarily for tourism, but want to take a short course of study of less than 18 hours per week, you may be able to do so on a visitor visa. You should inquire at the appropriate U.S. Embassy or Consulate. If your course of study is more than 18 hours a week, you will need a student visa. Please read this information for general information on how to apply for an F1 or M1 student visa. For additional student related information, visit the created by the Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs to learn about educational opportunities for undergraduate and graduate study, opportunities for scholars, financial aid, testing, admissions, and much more.

In most countries, first time student visa applicants are required to appear for an in-person interview. However, each embassy and consulate sets its own interview policies and procedures regarding student visas. Students should consult Embassy web sites or call for specific application instructions.

Keep in mind that June, July, and August are the busiest months in most consular sections, and interview appointments are the most difficult to get during that period. Students need to plan ahead to avoid having to make repeat visits to the Embassy. To the extent possible, students should bring the documents suggested below, as well as any other documents that might help establish their ties to the local community.

Source: http://www.travel.state.gov

Types of Student Visas

There are three types of student visas. For visa application instructions, forms, and more, select below.

Source: http://www.travel.state.gov

Why Study in the U.S.?

"I would like to go to the U.S. for further education because there I would get a global exposure in my chosen field. In my opinion, the quality of education provided by the best universities in the U.S. is not found anywhere else in the world."
- Dhwanil Khandwala, from India

Quality:
U.S. colleges are known worldwide for the quality of their facilities, resources, and faculty. Accreditation systems ensure that institutions continue to maintain these standards.

Choice:
The U.S. education system features many types of institutions, academic and social environments, entry requirements, degree programs, and subjects in which you can specialize.

Value:
A U.S. degree offers excellent value for the money. A wide range of tuition fees and living costs, plus some financial help from colleges, make study in the United States affordable for hundreds of thousands of international students each year.

Flexibility:
U.S. universities and colleges offer flexibility in choice of courses, but more importantly there is also the option for students to move from institution to another. Completing the first two years of a degree at one institution, usually a community college, and then moving to another, is very common.

source: http://www.unitedstatesvisas.gov



Types of Visas

Nonimmigrant Visas

Nonimmigrant visas are for people with permanent residence outside the U.S. but who wish to go to the U.S. on a temporary basis ր for tourism, medical treatment, business, temporary work, or study.

U.S. law requires that people who apply for nonimmigrant visas provide evidence that they donҀt intend to immigrate to the United States. ItҀs up to consular officers at U.S. embassies and consulates to determine eligibility on an individual basis on the merits of each case.

Providing requested documents does not guarantee that you will receive a visa. There is no entitlement to a visa.

And, because each personҀs personal situation is different, people applying for the same visa may be asked different questions and be required to submit different documents. Under U.S. law, the authority to issue or refuse visas is vested solely in consular offices abroad. Consular officers have the authority to decide whether the evidence submitted in support of an application is sufficient to establish an applicant's eligibility for a visa. Consular officers may request additional information or documentation depending on their assessment of each personҀs situation.

Immigrant Visas

Several categories of people are eligible for immigrant status. Certain applicants can apply on their own behalf. All others must have a relative or potential employer apply for them.

source: http://www.uscis.gov

What is a Visa?

If youҀre a citizen of a foreign country, in most cases youҀll need a visa to enter the United States.

A visa doesnҀt permit entry to the U.S., however. A visa simply indicates that your application has been reviewed by a U.S. consular officer at an American embassy or consulate, and that the officer has determined youҀre eligible to enter the country for a specific purpose. Consular affairs are the responsibility of the U.S. Department of State.

A visa allows you to travel to the United States as far as the port of entry (airport or land border crossing) and ask the immigration officer to allow you to enter the country. Only the immigration officer has the authority to permit you to enter the United States. He or she decides how long you can stay for any particular visit. Immigration matters are the responsibility of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

There are two categories of U.S. visas: immigrant and non immigrant.

Immigrant visas are for people who intend to live permanently in the U.S. Nonimmigrant visas are for people with permanent residence outside the U.S. but who wish to be in the U.S. on a temporary basis ր for tourism, medical treatment, business, temporary work or study.

source: http://www.unitedstatesvisas.gov

Tuesday, December 23, 2008

College Counselor: Servant or Teacher?

More than once when I was counseling private school students, a parent would warn me that "you'll have to chase after Johnny during the application process, keep on him" to get him through it. Well, I don't do chasing and for the most part I never did, which may be one reason I don't work with them any more. Nevertheless, it raises a question about what the college counselor's role is. After a certain point, how much is the student's responsibility, and isn't the willingness to take it on one sign that a student is ready for college? When I did reach out to recalcitrant students (usually boys, by the way), I would often say, "Look, I've already gone to college so I don't need to do any of this, but you do." Sometimes that would be enough to get them moving, and sometimes not. Although I don't remember anyone ever falling through the cracks or not getting into college because of not filing an application, it still gave me pause. Is this like pushing kids to get their homework done, or am I on the verge of ruining their lives because I won't haul them in, sit them in front of my computer and make them fill out their applications while I watch?

Personally, I think that students who don't do their research, information requests, recommendation requests, and applications (despite hours of workshops, class meetings, and individual appointments) aren't really ready to face the end of high school. They're saying that they have other priorities and are willing to let college wait until the last minute. Fine, I say. Why should I spend energy on you if you're not going to spend it on yourself? I can help any number of students who are really grappling with the process while also doing their homework and keeping up with their extracurriculars. When you're ready to fill out applications, let me know. In this respect, I believe that a college counselor is also a teacher, and one of the lessons is learning to plan ahead, make choices, and accept the consequences of those choices. In other words, to help them mature.

Now don't get me wrong--I don't wish for someone not to get into college or suffer for mistakes. I simply believe that "babysitting" is not part of the college counselor's job description, especially if all the necessary information is presented many times over the course of several years and students come from college-educated families. The "chase after my kid" request is the same as the "why didn't he get an A?" challenge to a teacher when the student has been AWOL in class--it's not my responsibility to do his work for him. Besides, isn't chasing after your kid part of the parent's job description? (Although I would argue that by the time they're high school seniors that should be only in extreme situations.)

When the current head of my former school first came on board a few years ago, we had a conversation in which he emphasized that college counseling was a "service" the school provided. While I agreed in principle with the statement, I also said, "But I am not a servant," meaning that I was not at anyone's beck and call and would not, in fact, could not, always accommodate every wish and whim of parents or students. Providing all the facts, deadlines, encouragement, and so on to those who will take advantage of them was often enjoyable and energizing. But making the rest of the horses drink was low on my priority list. As a teacher, I believed it was like doing students' homework for them, and that doesn't help them at all.

This distinction is important, I think, because while college counseling isn't rocket science, it does have a complexity that makes it at times extremely difficult. Not only are there all the mechanistic elements to worry about, we also have to deal with the emotional, intellectual, developmental, and even financial issues that surround each student. As a servant, I would be obliged simply to do what was necessary if a parent insisted that her child should apply to an Ivy League school, even if that child didn't have the record for it (or even the inclination, as happened more than once). To a certain extent, that's fine--students in this country can apply anywhere they want. However, as a responsible teacher as well as counselor, I think it my responsibility, my duty, even, to indicate what the odds are, to be realistic about the applicant's chances and suggest alternatives, and then to step back as the student carries out those resonsibilities. I was never reluctant to give a hand when I saw a student working hard to get everything done, but I was always reluctant to do things for him.

More than once, however, a parent would become enraged when I suggested that her child wasn't "Ivy League material" or wasn't getting applications done. Who was I, I suspect the reasoning went, to imply that Precious wasn't up to snuff, despite clear indications in the transcript, test scores, and lack of activities? (Never mind the "What am I paying my money to this school for?" comments...) The expectation seemed to be that I should simply file the papers and write the support letter while holding Precious's hand over the keyboard. But I would opt for educating every time, which means respecting a student enough to expect him to do his own work.

This kind of reaction reduces the college counselor to servant status (and belittles the child, incidentally) and reduces the college admission process to a sort of quid pro quo, although what the quo was I've never fully understood. I could bring up the changing face of college admission (it's startling to learn how many parents still think "merit" is the only qualification for admission and that their child clearly has it), the imponderables, the history of admission at a particular college, the student's own preparation (or lack thereof), but it didn't matter. Just do it! they implied, don't bother us with realities.

To state things positively: I believe that a college counselor is, and in fact has to be, a teacher as well as a service provider, and should be supported as such. College counseling should be recognized as a way to help develop adolescents' maturity as well as simply a means to an end. Students aren't just pegs to be fitted into the right holes, they are developing human beings on the verge of adulthood who have a wonderful opportunity to put their own ideas, hopes, and desires to the test in the college process. Done right, it can be an exciting time of reflection and self-definition; approached merely as a utilitarian process, it deprives everyone involved of their dignity.

Monday, December 22, 2008

Twenty countries are included in the THES-QS ranking of the World's Top-100 universities

The AllAboutUni.com analysis is based on the two major international rankings of the WorldҀs Top-500 universities: the Academic Ranking of World Universities compiled by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Times Higher Education and Quacquarelli Symonds. The ARWU is produced by a public university in China and THES-QS is produced by a private company in the United Kingdom.

The overall overlap of the two rankings is 67%, meaning that 67 of the World's Top-100 universities appear in both the ARWU ranking and THES-QS ranking. This means there are 33 universities (one in three) in each of the rankings that do not appear in the other list.

English-speaking countries dominate both rankings
Roughly 70% of the World's Top-100 universities are located in English-speaking countries (United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Ireland). For the ARWU, this figure is 72% and for the THES-QS it is 68%.

Universities in the US dominates both rankings
Universities located in the US dominate both of the World's Top-100 university rankings: 54% for the ARWU and 37% for the THES-QS. There are fewer US universities in THES-QS, a difference that is mainly related to the inclusion of more Asian/Pacific universities in the THES-QS ranking (see below).

It is interesting to note that among the World's Top-25 universities, the position of the US is even more pronounced: 72% in ARWU and 56% in THES-QS

UK consistently number two
The UK is consistently ranked second in both the ARWU (11% of the World's Top-100 universities) and THES-QS rankings (17%). This contribution is even higher for the World's Top-25 universities: 12% for the ARWU and 24% for the THES-QS .

THES-QS is more international than ARWU
Twenty countries are included in the THES-QS ranking of the World's Top-100 universities compared to 15 countries for the ARWU. The THES-QS ranking includes more non-US universities: 63% universities compared to 46% in the ARWU.

THES-QS has many more Asian/Pacific universities
There are more than twice as many Asian/Pacific universities in the THES-QS ranking (22%) of the World's Top-100 universities than in the ARWU ranking (8%). Whilst only three Asian/Pacific countries are represented in ARWU (Japan (4), Australia (3) and Israel (1)), there are eight countries in THES-QS (Australia (7), Japan (4), Hong Kong (3), China (2), Singapore (2), South Korea (2), Israel (1) and New Zealand (1)).

Conclusions
The AllAboutUni.com assessment found that the THES-QS ranking is more international than the ARWU ranking (it has many more Asian/Pacific universities). The assessment also found that 70% of World's Top-100 universities are located in English-speaking countries (especially in the US and UK).

Tuesday, December 16, 2008

Words of Wisdom

Do you ever think to yourself "if only I could do it over again?" Students who are freshmen in college give some insight in to what they would redo in high school if they could--

http://www.contracostatimes.com/columns/ci_10917507?nclick_check=1

College Costs

With the declining economy, many students will have to make adjustments to their colleges of choice. This article gives tips on how to adjust to these trying economic times--

http://www.usnews.com/blogs/college-cash-101/2008/12/15/the-4-rules-of-paying-for-college-in-a-recession.html

Monday, December 15, 2008

What Makes a Top University?

A number of assessments carried out by AllAboutUni.com indicate that the general characteristics of a top university are the following: being based in North America or Europe, being in an area where other top universities are clustered, having a large endowment and being a private institution. AllAboutUni.com is an independent, global and interactive website where visitors can obtain information about universities (global rankings, student reviews, university news and campus pictures).

The analysis is based on a ranking of the WorldҀs Top-500 Universities produced by the Institute of Higher Education at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (click here). Several indicators of academic or research performance are used to establish the ranking, these include staff winning Nobel Prizes, highly cited researchers and articles indexed in major citation indices. The rankings have been published since 2003, with the 2008 ranking published on 15 August 2008.

Location
An AllAboutUni.com assessment found that the WorldҀs Top-500 universities are mainly located in Europe (n=210; 40%) and the Americas (n=190; 40%) (click here). In the Americas, 95% of the universities are located in the United States (84%; n=159) and Canada (11%; n=21).

Clustering
An AllAboutUni.com assessment found that in both the United States (US) and Europe there is a clustering of the worldҀs top universities. In the US, 36% (57 out of 159) of universities - more than one in three - are located in just five States: New York (15), California (13), Texas (13), Massachusetts (9) and Pennsylvania (7) (click here). In Europe, more than one in three (36%) of the Top-25 universities are located in United Kingdom (click here).

Public - Private
An AllAboutUni.com assessment found that 70% of the World's Top-10 universities are private institutions, suggesting that at the very top of the rankings private universities perform better than public universities (click here). In the WorldҀs Top-25 universities, there is a lower predominance of private universities, with 11 out of 25 universities being private (click here).

Endowment
An AllAboutUni.com assessment found that the WorldҀs Top-25 universities have accumulated a massive amount of endowment wealth (a total of $170 billion) and the private universities in the US have accumulated more wealth than the public universities (click here). A large university endowment supports the operating budget of a university (for example, a third of Harvard UniversityҀs operating budget comes from endowment income).

Age
An AllAboutUni.com assessment found that the age of a university was not associated with being in the World's Top-25 universities (click here). Two good examples of 'young' universities achieving a high ranking are Stanford University (established in 1891 and ranked 2nd) and the University of California - San Diego (established in 1960 and ranked 14th).

Other factors
Other factors that will determine the ranking of a university include: the university infrastructure (campus, facilities, etc.), the working conditions (academic salaries, academic freedom, etc.), the levels of funding (public and private funding) and the quality of life in the region where the university is located.

Conclusion
A series of AllAboutUni.com assessments has identified a number of general characteristics that help make a top university. The very strong performance of private universities in the World's Top-10 universities (7 out of 10) suggests that private universities are better able manage the different factors and etablish a top university.

Standout Essays

This article gives tips on how to make your essay stand out from the thousands that are in the admissions heap--

http://www.examiner.com/x-766-College-Admissions-Examiner~y2008m11d17-Killer-Application-Essays-Lesson-Two

College Interviews

Some colleges still have an interview as part of their admissions process. Read on to find out the do's and don'ts of surviving the interview successfully--

http://www.examiner.com/x-472-Baltimore-College-Prep-Examiner~y2008m11d14-Ace-the-College-Admissions-Interview

The Value of the PSAT

Taking the PSAT test has several benefits to students. Read on to find out how--

http://waldo.villagesoup.com/education/story.cfm?storyID=136896

Plan During Junior Year

This article gives you tips on what to do during junior year of high school to jumpstart your college admissions activities.

Senior year should be when you are pulling it all together, not just beginning.

http://www.examiner.com/x-472-Baltimore-College-Prep-Examiner~y2008m11d23-Attention-High-School-Juniors-The-College-Admissions-Process-is-About-to-Heat-Up

College Affordability

California is the only state that received a passing grade for affodability of college. Even at that the grade was a C. So what about the other 49 states?

http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hkBGMsvJKRKaL67qxkOCaDByDJFAD94R70G02

Sunday, December 14, 2008

The SAT Essay

This article gives you hints on how you can prep yourself for the essay component of the SAT---

http://www.examiner.com/x-766-College-Admissions-Examiner~y2008m12d4-SAT-Bootcamp-strategy-Ace-the-essay

Score Choice and the SAT

Just when you thought you might have control over what scores colleges would see, think again. Colleges, and some will, can demand to see all of your SAT test scores--not just the ones that you select.

http://www.newsweek.com/id/172585

Planning for College

Is middle school too early to plan for college? Read this article and see how important planning for college is --

http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-eighth-grade-study_11dec11,0,4875258.story

Saturday, December 13, 2008

Admissions and Online Information

Some colleges do look at Facebook and MySpace type sites to gain further information about applicants to their schools.

Be aware that adults do not always think that something on your site is appropriate.

http://www.minnpost.com/from_our_partners/2008/12/09/5100/three-sixty_journalism_uh-oh_some_college_admissions_staffs_check_facebook

Technology and Interviews

Wake Forest is the first university to use Webcam to conduct interviews. For students who cannot go to the campus for an interview, this is the next best thing.

http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/bal-to.college09dec09,0,373871.story

Tuesday, December 9, 2008

Massive Accumulation of Endowment Wealth by the WorldҀs Best-25 Universities

An assessment carried out by AllAboutUni.com reveals that a massive accumulation of endowment wealth has been put together by the World's Top-25 universities [1]. AllAboutUni.com is an independent, global and interactive website where visitors can obtain information about universities (global rankings, student reviews, university news and campus pictures).

The WorldҀs Top-25 universities in 2008 (click here) are mainly located in the United States (18 out of 25) and are often private institutions (11 out of 25). This distribution is more pronounced for the WorldҀs Top-10 universities, where 8 out of 10 are located in the United States (US) and 7 out of 10 are private institutions (click here).

Total endowments for each of the universities were collected from Wikipedia.org (accessed on 29 October 2008), and non-US endowments were converted into US dollars (exchange rate of 29 October 2008). The endowments of two universities were not available: the University of Tokyo in Japan (ranked 19th) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ր Zurich in Switzerland (ranked jointly 24th). The analysis is therefore based on 23 universities (18 from the US and 5 from other countries (United Kingdom (3), Canada and Japan) and is a conservative estimate.

The total endowment of the 23 universities was $170.2 billion, and ranged from $172 million (University College London in the UK, ranked 22nd) to $36.9 billion (Harvard University in the US, ranked 1st). The median endowment is $5.9 billion, with universities in the US having higher endowments (median of $6.1 billion, range $471 million to $36.9 billion) than those in the other countries (median of $2.2 billion, range $172 million to $3.4 billion).

Four private universities in the US had 56% of the total endowment wealth of the World's Top-25 universities: Harvard University ($36.9 billion - 22%), Yale University ($22.9 billion - 14%), Stanford University ($17.2 billion - 10%) and Princeton University ($17 billion - 10%). It is therefore no surprise that the private universities in the US have higher endowments (median of $7.2 billion) than the public universities in the US (median of $1.3 billion).

This accumulation of wealth by the World's Top-25 universities is quite astonishing. For example, the total wealth accumulated by the World's Top-25 universities is greater than the budget of the State of California ($111 billion in 2008-09) or it places these universities 41st in the country ranking of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) according to the International Monetary Fund (in front of Nigeria, Romania and Israel).

The accumulation of endowment wealth by universities has both positive and negative sides. A large university endowment supports the operating budget of the university and gives the university greater independence and resources which can be used, for example, to establish new research institutes or to fund scholarships. In the fiscal year 2008, distributions from the Harvard University endowment totalled $1.6 billion, contributing more than one third of the university's operating budget in addition to supporting substantial capital outlays (click here).

There are also a number of negative sides associated with large university endowments. One of these is that it gives the university an image of accumulating too much wealth and being greedy. Another is that it leads to criticism about the allocation of the endowment income (for example, Harvard University could allow its students to attend for free for just $300 million, which is a fraction of the 2008 endowment income (click here). Finally, it makes it impossible for other (less well endowed) universities around the world to compete on an even playing field with universities that have established very large endowments.

Background note:
[1] The analysis is based on a ranking of the WorldҀs Top-500 Universities produced by the Institute of Higher Education at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (click here). Several indicators of academic or research performance are used to establish the ranking, these include staff winning Nobel Prizes, highly cited researchers and articles indexed in major citation indices. The rankings have been published since 2003, with the 2008 ranking published on 15 August 2008.

Tuesday, December 2, 2008

Online MBA from Warwick Business School

There are many potential students who are looking at the possibility of studying for an Online MBA from Warwick Business School. Pursuing for an online MBA while working is perhaps one of the most challenging task that you will face in your career life. This article is a review of the Warwick Online MBA.

Warwick Business School is one of the top business schools. Their students come from over 143 countries around the world pursuing their education from the undergraduate level to PhD. Level. WBS is serious in conducting its online MBA courses. Their academic staffs have been producing world-leading research in all fields of management.

All MBA programs offered by Warwick are relevant and directly applicable to your career. This can be attested by their 23,500 graduates who subsequently returned to further their studies at WBS later in their career. This shows the confidence shown by the students in the schools. WBSҀs key to the studentsҀ experience is learning by sharing experience. If you consider carefully, you will find that there are in fact very few business schools in the world such as WBS.

When you study for your online MBA at Warwick, you will join a learning environment that supports you, teaches you and work alongside with you to help you achieve your objectives. You will find that pursuing for your online MBA with Warwick is inspiring in all ways as they are made up of a vibrant community. That is how you find that studying at Warwick is a unique experience.

Most your online MBA course peers come from around the world. That is why Warwick teaching faculty is highly international to live up to the expectations of its international students. The focus is always on global and international management. Compared to other universities and business schools, WarwickҀs MBA students intake is relatively small. This resulted in greater collaboration and emphasis on teamwork and experience sharing among their students.

How then does Warwick measures their own success in delivering the online MBA courses? This can be easily measured through their graduates. All graduates from Warwick are highly sought after by businesses all over the world. The Online MBA program offered by Warwick is regarded by academics, employers, and many others as one of the top MBA programs in the UK.

Students pursuing their online MBA from Warwick also get plenty of networking opportunities. Many students have worked for an average of 10 years in senior management, and this form a great platform for the sharing of knowledge with your fellow course mate. Warwick MBA alumni also formed a great supporters, where even after your graduation, your networking opportunities do not end.

The Warwick Business School had created an online hub for their online MBA students. This online hub deliver essential program information and administration that allows MBA students to interact, discuss and collaborate with people from all modes and at all stages of the online MBA program. This way, you will feel less lonely in your studies.

Currently, the groups within the hub consists of groups that focus on consulting, investment, environmental issues and even motor-sport. The online hub also enables students to check their personal details, view their own progress, submit and receive assignments and register for events and modules. The online hub enables students to discuss in public or in private and is also a great tool to communicate directly with members of the faculty.

Through the online hub, students are also able to access a fantastic online collections of the University of Warwick Library. You are able to access the full text of tens of thousands of academic and business journals and periodicals.

Ranking of the Warwick Online MBA

The Warwick Online MBA has been highly ranked for their online MBA programs. The Economist Intelligence Unit Distance Learning MBA ranked them as No. 1 in UK, No. 2 in Europe and No. 3 in the world.

Potential MBA students may start their studies in either January or July each year. You should choose January intake for more intense learning experience or July if you have not been studying for quite a while as the July intake is more relaxing.

Curriculum of the Warwick Online MBA

The followings are the core modules of the Warwick Online MBA:

Accounting & Financial Management
Economics of the Business Environment
Market Analysis
Modelling & Analysis for Management
Operations Management
Organisational Behaviour
Strategic Advantage

Full-time participants also complete The Practice of Management, a practical work-based module. There are also six elective modules that allow you to focus your study in areas of particular personal interest. Towards the end of your MBA studies, you have to undertake a management consultancy project that focus on real strategic problems facing your own organisation or that of a client. This forms the basis for you dissertation.

Tuition Fees

The tuition fees for the online MBA at Warwick depends on when you enrol into the program. For example, the fee for distance learning in January 2009 is  4,800 for the first year.. The fee for July 2009 will be confirmed by February 2009.

You will typically study for three years. If you extend your studies you will have to budget for a continuation fee of around  555 for each extra year of study.
Your fees cover: purpose-designed study notes, essential textbooks, project & dissertation supervision, and specialist tutor support. They also include all teaching at the annual September Seminars. Fees do not include travel to WBS, meals or accommodation at seminars, overseas examination arrangements, or the cost of attending the optional weekend seminars. There are also additional costs you should budget for.

Travel: Travel to the optional induction and weekend seminars, the compulsory textbooks; career development support; project & dissertation supervision; and language tuition.

If you have heard some studentҀs experiences or have personally studied for an Online MBA at Warwick, why not leave a comment?

Raw Material or Finished Product?

Eugene S. Wilson, legendary admission dean at Amherst College, believed that no matter how long he was in the business he'd never perfect the art of human evaluation, and that was OK. For him, every applicant was an opportunity to see the potential in a young person, to assess him fairly, and to render a decision that might indeed prove incorrect down the line. For him (and his immediate successor at Amherst, Ed Wall), admission was most definitely an art, not a science, and putting a class together was the delicate balancing of the college's needs with the needs and desires of young men (and later, women) as they began to enter adulthood.

When I joined the Amherst admission office in 1990 I was delighted to be part of that tradition. To this day, I believe that Dean Wall used his gut more than my numbers to admit me to Amherst in 1973, and I wanted to have a chance to combine hard numbers and humane considerations to create Amherst's next generations in a way inspired by Wilson and Wall. At the core, I think they recognized that applicants to college were still unformed persons trying on new identities and exploring different aspects of their lives and the world's offerings. A liberal arts college like Amherst was designed to help students choose well and build on their previous accomplishments as they moved into their future lives.

To me, this meant that students would apply to college as works in progress, ready for the college to exert its influence on them, and vice versa. We were looking for potential, a most elusive quality: We all know of the class presidents who burned out or the most likely to succeed students who never made it out of their hometowns. Our test as admission officers was to spot the energy, the uniqueness, the elusive qualities that infused the GPA and test scores and made the whole a great deal more than the sum of its parts.

But after a few years of helping make admission decisions, I began to feel that looking for the :diamond in the rough" or the "potentiality" of an applicant was less important that getting the numbers as high as possible. Not that it was ever fully mechanistic, but our admission process seemed to me more dependent not only on the black and white figures but also on what students had already accomplished. We celebrated (and rightly so) the applicants who had achieved some remarkable goal, like writing a novel or developing a new invention, but they began to overshadow other applicants who had "only" led a community food bank or restructured their high school's student government or did exceptional work in math or biology classes. I began to call these applicants "merely wonderful" because while they were truly exceptional in their own right, they faded in comparison to the superstars.

I'm not saying we shouldn't have taken the precocious, but it became clear to me that we were beginning to look for the already formed instead of the in progress student. Faculty members wanted to see more students who had been published or made major contributions to their fields. We wanted to see academic "heavy hitters" almost to the exclusion of anyone else. We were lucky to have plenty of them apply and we were always in a little awe of what some of our eventual freshmen had done, but some of the pleasure in putting a class together was lost as we had to turn down more and more exceptional students to make way for the super-accomplished. That pleasure had come from being able to say "yes" to someone we could see as coming into him or herself at Amherst. It was potential we wanted to see on campus as much as past accomplishment, but increasingly the process became more mechanistic and less idiosyncratic, leading to more predictable, but in many respects less satisfying results.

This situation was reflected in the change made a few years into my tenure at Amherst. Our last round of deliberations was devoted to each dean's bringing to the table one favorite candidate who hadn't made it in the regular rounds. Although the applicant had to meet basic requirements for admission, the deans could present their candidates and have them admitted. Even though this round occurred after weeks of debate over hundreds of candidates, it was often the liveliest and most interesting. We were able to exercise our judgment and reward some wonderful quirk in a wonderful student who we felt would add to the incoming Amherst class. Our choices often reflected our own personalities and interests. I remember speaking up for a kid from Arkansas who, among other things, liked to create "found poetry" by cutting up prose and putting it back together randomly, then reading it at poetry slams. Others spoke for student-athletes, mad scientists, and others who would otherwise have been overlooked, and we always ended the season on that high note.

Admission continues to be more an art than a science, especially at small liberal arts colleges, but I still wonder whether the impulse to enroll only the most over-accomplished students has crowded out a more humane imperative to identify human potential that will benefit from our institutions' educational offerings. It affects students, too: The more they see the overachievers being rewarded with college admission, they more they feel they have to stay up until two in the morning and spend every waking moment getting ahead. Perhaps we should re-examine how we look at human potential in the college admission process in order to recalibrate our expectations of students' past and future, as well as our institutions' missions.